题目内容


小明同学在实验室探究弹力和弹簧伸长的关系的探究过程是:                        

猜想与假设:弹簧弹力和弹簧伸长成正比例关系.                                          

设计与进行实验:                                                                                           

                           

(1)设计如图所示的实验装置进行实验;                                                      

(2)在弹簧下端挂上钩码,当分别悬挂10g、20g钩码时,记下指针所指的标尺刻度;             

(3)将实验数据记录在表格中.                                                                    

(4)整理器材,进行实验数据分析并得出结论.                                           

交流与评估:                                                                                                  

小明同学将实验数据记录在到下表中(重力加速度g=9.8m/s2      )                 

钩码质量m/g         0            10           20

标尺刻度x/10﹣2m              6.00        8.00       10.00

他根据实验数据在坐标纸上用描点法画出x﹣m图象如图所示,根据图象于是小明得出结论:弹簧弹力和弹簧伸长不是正比例关系而是一次函数关系,自己先前的猜想是错误的.                                   

(1)请说明小明结论错误的原因:                                                                

(2)这个实验小明同学在设计与进行实验中的设计方案上还存在的不足之处是:             

                                                                                                                       


(1)x﹣m图象的纵坐标不是弹簧伸长量;(2)以三组测量数据不能得出普遍性物理规律,实验方案中应设计多测几组数据,并换用另外的弹簧多进行几次实验.


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为了测量量程为3V的电压表V的内阻(内阻约2000Ω),实验室可以提供的器材有:                       

电流表A1,量程为0.6A,内阻约0.1Ω                                                                             

电压表V2,量程为5V,内阻约3500Ω                                                                             

变阻器R1阻值范围为0﹣9999Ω                                                                                      

变阻箱R2阻值范围为0﹣99.9Ω                                                                                       

滑动变阻器R3,最大阻值约为100Ω,额定电流1.5A                                                       

电源E,电动势6V,内阻约0.5Ω                                                                                    

单刀单掷开关K,导线若干.                                                                                          

                            

(1)请从上述器材中选择必要的器材,设计一个测量电压表V的内阻的实验电路,在图1方框中画出电路原理图  (    电路原理图中的元件要用题中相应的英文字母标注),要求测量尽量准确.                

(2)根据你所画的电路原理图在图2所给的实物图上画出连线.                                   

(3)说明实验所要测量的量:                                                                           .写出计算电压表V的内阻RV的计算公式为RV=                                                                                                               

                                                                                                                                       


用如图1实验装置验证m1、m2组成的系统机械能守恒.m2从高处由静止开始下落,m1上拖着的纸带打出一系列的点,对纸带上的点迹进行测量,即可验证机械能守恒定律.图给出的是实验中获取的一条纸带:0是打下的第一个点,每相邻两计数点间还有4个点(图中未标出),计数点间的距离如图2所示.已知m1=50g、m2=150g,则(g取10m/s2,结果保留两位有效数字)                                                                                                                

                

①下面列举了该实验的几个操作步骤:其中操作不当步骤                               (填选项对应的字母).            

A.按照图示的装置安装器件;                                                                                  

B.将打点计时器接到直流电源上;                                                                           

C.先释放m2,再接通电源打出一条纸带;                                                               

D.测量纸带上某些点间的距离.                                                                              

E.根据测量的结果,分别计算系统减少的重力势能和增加的动能.                             

②若某同学作出v2/2﹣h图象如图3,写出计算当地重力加速度g的表达式              ,并计算出当地的实际重力加速度g=                                                                                                       m/s2

                                                                                                                                 

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