【题目】概要写作

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

With global warming and melting ice, it isn’t easy being a polar bear anymore. Some studies have predicted that polar bears could die out by the end of the century. The good news is not all researchers think the bears are absolutely disappearing. Scientists at the American Museum of Natural History(AMNH) have published a new paper indicating that things might not be as bad for polar bears as some scientists expect.

To understand the reason for the researchers’ cautious optimism, we must first understand the factors that are threatening the polar bear’s existence. Polar bears consume a diet of mainly young seals. In order to hunt these seals, polar bears need to rest at the top of sea ice---the same ice that is increasingly melting for most of the year thanks to climate change. In another 50 years, experts expect that the Arctic will be too warm for sea ice to form for half of the year, leaving polar bears without a reliable food source and in serious danger of starvation.

As it turns out, alternative food sources for the polar bears aren’t completely out of the question. For as long as biologists have tailed after the animals, they’ve seen polar bears eating animals found on land like caribou(驯鹿) and snow geese---as well as the snow geese’s eggs.

Can polar bears actually survive off these alternative food sources for long periods of time? To figure this out, researchers calculated the nutrients that a caribou and snow geese diet would provide. They found that even adult male polar bears would be able to obtain more calories than they would burn in hunting these meals. Moreover, the food would provide the food necessary to avoid starvation during the summer months.

Unfortunately, not all polar bears have tended to seek food on land. That said, the researchers expect that necessity would push more polar bears to hunt on land to avoid starvation. They also expect that the bears could learn from their fellow bears how to hunt on land until the practice becomes second nature.

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【题目】某地一批户外运动爱好者计划在南北长10千米、东西宽5千米的指定山区进行野外生存训练。回答下列各题。

【1】出发前每人配发随身用的地图，选用的比例尺最适宜的是( )

A．1∶200 B．1∶10 000 C．1∶200 000 D．1∶1 000 000

【2】利用等高线地形图进行山区宿营地选址，应优先考虑选址在( )

A．等高线重合处 B．等高线密集处 C．等高线稀疏处 D．等高线闭合处

【题目】概要写作

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

A woman gave up her fetus(胎儿) in Central China’s Hubei Province after her 13yearold daughter threatened to commit suicide.

The event drew people’s attention to the single child mentality，which may be an obstacle as the country tries to relax the singlechild policy.The woman,44，had been pregnant for 13 weeks.Her daughter became unhappy after knowing that she was going to have a brother or sister.Her anxiety reached its peak，when the ninthgrader cut her wrists with a razor blade in an attempted suicide，according to a report of the local Wuhan Evening News.

The case may sound extreme，but the girl is not the only child in China showing jealousy of a younger sibling.Zhuang Zhuang(not his real name) was 16 when his younger brother was born last year.Since then he’s fallen behind in his classes.

“They never cared about me again，” the teenager complained.“I’m under great pressure to do well in academic performances，so as to win attention from my parents.”

The onechild policy was relaxed in 2013，in an attempt to address the country’s declining labor force and aging population.A majority of the Chinese provincial regions，including the most populated Henan，have allowed couples to have a second child if either parent is an only child.Beijing also followed suit.Although 11 million couples have been granted a permit to have a second child，statistics from the National Health and Family Planning Commission show only close to one million couples out of them filed birth applications by the end of last year.“Economic cost”，“time cost” and “one child is enough” were listed as top reasons for not having a second child，according to a survey by China Youth Daily.Many parents give the third reason，out of concern for their first child.

Xia Xueluan，a sociology professor at Peking University，believes the onechild policy，enacted more than three decades ago，created many young “emperors” and “empresses” in China.“Parents spoiled their children，so many kids tend to be selfcentered without consideration for others，” he said.

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【题目】按常理，鸭子长得越快鸭农越赚钱。但在湖北云梦、京山等地，一些鸭农却养起了“慢生鸭”。在自然环境捕食，辅之以麦麸、玉米、谷糠和青饲料，比用有添加剂的浓缩饲料喂养晚2个多月才能出栏，但肉质好，价格高，成为更有赚头的绿色食品。据此回答下列问题。

【1】“慢生鸭”饲养者在利于消费者健康前提下获取高利润的做法，体现了可持续发展的

A．公正性原则 B．持续性原则 C．共同性原则 D．公平性原则

【2】“绿色食品”是当今的热门话题。为了生产“绿色食品”，下列措施中正确的是

①使用有剧毒的农药防治病虫害 ②利用作物害虫的天敌防治病虫害等

③在面粉中添加增白剂、防腐剂 ④引进抗病虫害的优良品种

A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④

【题目】概要写作

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

You may never think a documentary film could have aroused so much public enthusiasm in Chinese history.Nowadays everybody is talking about a new 7part documentary called A Bite of China which was recently broadcast late at night on CCTV1.The documentary describes various gourmet items across the vast Chinese culinary landscape.

According to Taobao，China’s biggest online retail website，just five days after the series began to air，nearly 6 million people went to the site in search of various local specialties，particularly those mentioned in the documentary.More than 7.2 million deals were concluded.A ham producer from Yunnan Province saw his sales grow 17fold in five days.

However，one can’t help but believe that the documentary’s popularity is probably linked to the endless stream of terrible food security issues that have emerged in recent years.In one wellreceived article，a netizen wrote，“I wonder how many felt so emptyhearted and sighed after watching the film.Bluevitriol watered chive，formaldehyde sprayed cabbage，Sudan Red colored salty eggs，restaurants using gutter oil.The list is long...”

How will a varied and ancient food culture that is famous worldwide and which should have made the Chinese proud end? Food is the most vital thing in people’s lives.Yet China’s food industry has made people a little worried due to some severe food safety crisis.The market is huge while the cost of faking and cheating is so low for immoral businessmen; and the punishment is too light.Take the milk industry as an example.Although Sanlu，the company that sold the melamineadulterated milk powder，was punished，thousands of other dairies didn’t wor hard to improve the quality.Therefore，food safety problems should be an important concern of Chinese government so that our ancient food culture can be preserved.

As the documentary shows，people are attracted not to gourmet items like matsutake，a species of rare mushroom grown naturally in remote forests，but to common Chinese dishes like barley，lotus root or tofu.They are what meet our basic needs.This explains why people are so excited about A Bite of China—it is a reminder that there is still a world out there where food is excellent and safe.

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【题目】阅读下列材料，回答问题。

材料一 和硕县位于天山南麓，焉耆盆地东北部，年总日照时数为2 990小时，无霜期平均210天，年均温11.4℃，年均降水量为58.6毫米。近年来随着市场需求的变化，和硕县开始实施“减白增红”策略，即减少棉花播种面积，增加西红柿、辣椒等红色农业经济作物，积极发展生态农业，大大增加了农民的收入……

材料二 2009年5月30日中新网新疆报道：新疆和硕县农民马玉民种了十多年棉花，他也许没有想到，原来怎么种植，棉花亩产量也只能达到150公斤左右，可是2008年，他的棉花亩产竟翻了一番，其法宝就是引进了优良品种和滴灌技术……

（1）试分析新疆和硕县发展农业生产的有利自然条件及主要的制约因素。

（2）近几年新疆和硕的特色农业种植规模日益扩大，试分析其有利的社会经济条件。

（3）和硕县农民的增产增收，主要得益于(双选)：（ ）

A．种植品种的改良

B．种植技术的改良

C．耕地规模的扩大

D．交通运输条件的改善

E．化肥农药的使用

F．机械化程度的提高

【题目】如果每个气候资源类型以3个阿拉伯数字表示，三个数字从左至右分别表示水分资源、热量资源、光照资源的质量等级。读下列我国气候资源类型分布表，完成问题。

【1】X地最可能是（ ）A. 柴达木盆地 B. 黄土高原 C. 长江中下游平原 D. 四川盆地

【2】Y类型代号应为（ ）A. 134 B. 143 C. 212 D. 321

【题目】美国航空航天局使用卫星第一次以三维方式量化了非洲撒哈拉沙漠尘埃被搬运到南美洲亚马孙雨林的数量，这些尘埃中包括沙子和南美洲亚马孙雨林植物生长不可缺少的磷等。据此完成下列问题。

【1】撒哈拉沙漠尘埃中的沙子、磷进入亚马孙雨林生态系统，可

A.促进岩石风化，释放养分 B.随雨水带来可溶性养分

C.促进地表径流，带走养分 D.促进土壤的淋溶作用

【2】亚马孙热带雨林被称为“地球之肺”，其所指的生态环境效应是

A.促进全球水循环，调节水平衡 B.调节全球气候，维护生态平衡

C.吸收二氧化碳，释放大量氧气 D.地球上功能最强大的生态系统

【题目】据有关山西能源基地的知识，回答下列各题。

【1】【1】下面哪一条铁路线是山西煤炭外运的专运干线

A. 哈大线 B. 陇海线 C. 大秦线 D. 宝成线

【2】【2】下列关于能源开发对山西生态环境的影响及治理措施的叙述，正确的是

①开采露天矿要剥离表土，易造成水土流失②井矿巷道建设不会造成水土流失和环境污染等问题③对工矿废弃地的复垦不利于矿区生态环境的保护④可采取工程措施和生物措施来保护矿区的生态环境

A. ①② B. ①④ C. ③④ D. ②③

【3】【3】山西能源资源丰富，但经济在全国中的地位并不领先，其主要原因是

A. 能源开发规模不大

B. 我国能源需求量不大，能源丰富难以发挥出优势

C. 石油取代煤成为我国主要能源，煤炭开采量不足

D. 结构单一，生产链短，能源的综合利用程度和附加值不高

【题目】概要写作

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

If you know something is bad for you，why can’t you just stop？About 70% of smokers say they would like to stop.Drug and alcohol abusers struggle to give up the bad habits that hurt their bodies and destroy families and friendships.And many of us have unhealthy weight that we could lose if only we would eat right and exercise more.So why don’t we do it?

Some scientists have been searching for answers.They’ve studied what happens in our brains as habits form.They’ve found answers to why bad habits，once formed，are so difficult to kick.And they’re developing ways to help us make the changes we’d like to make.

Habits are a normal part of life，and are often helpful.“We wake up every morning，shower，comb our hair or brush our teeth without being aware of it，” Volkow says.We can drive along familiar routes without really thinking about the directions.“When behaviors become automatic，it gives us an advantage，because the brain does not have to perform the action on purpose，” Volkow says.This frees up our brains to focus on different things.

One way to kick bad habits is to focus on your unhealthy habits.Then try your best to stop them.For example，habits can be linked in our minds to certain places and activities.You could develop a plan，to avoid walking down the hall where there’s a candy machine.Try to avoid going to places where you’ve usually smoked.Stay away from friends and situations linked to problem drinking or drug use.

Another helpful way is to replace unhealthy habits with new，healthy ones.“It doesn’t work for everyone，” Volkow says.“But certain groups of patients who have a history of taking drugs can do something else like running and it helps them stay away from drugs.”

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