【题目】地方行政制度作为中国古代政治文明的重要组成部分,伴随着历史发展而不断变革完善。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一 后世对秦始皇的这一做法,大多盛赞不已虽然秦代……仅仅持续了二世……但秦代所形成的专制主义中央集权国家,及其所确定的以郡县制为表现形式的行政区划,却为后世历代所遵奉

——摘编自李晓杰《体国经野:历史行政区划》

材料二 元行省制中央集权是秦汉以来郡县制中央集权模式的较高级演化形态……元行省制所体现的中央集权与地方分权的主辅结合,明显优于单纯的中央集权或单纯的地方分权。

——李治安《元代行省制的特点与历史作用》

材料三 从秦到清,地方行政制度的形态有过纷纭繁复的变化……这种因时而异的变化只是为了更好地发挥这一集权的功能罢了。因此尽管从表面上看,历代行政区域……废置纷繁,分合靡定,但无非皆就前代之制度沿革益损,而无根本性质的变动。

——周振鹤《中国地方行政制度史》

(1)据材料一,后世对秦始皇在地方行政制度方面的哪一做法“盛赞不已”?概括这一做法的影响。

(2)据材料二,概括行省制的特点;结合所学知识,分析元朝行省制的积极影响。

(3)据材料三,你如何理解从秦朝到清朝地方行政制度“无根本性质的变动”?综合上述材料,谈谈你从中国古代地方行政制度演变中得到的基本认识。

【题目】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Life getting you down? Learn to bounce back

That which does not kill us makes us stronger” Nietzsche said. There are a number of ways that can get us through tough times, help us to bounce back and make us happier. 1

Find something you can control

2 But taking small, positive steps in any area of our life can have a ripple effect, enabling us to move forward in the problem area.

3 As a species, we tend to focus on what’s wrong rather than what’s right. But we can benefit a lot from paying attention to what’s going right. Psychologists have shown consciously focusing on these good things helps to increase our experience of positive emotions.

Check your thinking

4 Leading psychologist Martin Seligman found that the way we interpret the causes of everyday setbacks can have a significant impact on our ability to cope and our physical health. He also showed we can learn more resilient thinking styles.

Distract yourself

When we are immersed in a problem, it is hard to think creatively about ways to deal with it. It often helps to take time out from the things you are worrying about. 5 Not only does this give us a break from what we’re doing and our worries; it’s also great for our minds.

A. Always do something that is right.

B. It’s true that there are lots of things we can’t control.

C. An effective ways of taking time out is exercise.

D. Next time you are feeling stressed or stuck, give them a try.

E. Focus on what’s right

F. Next time something goes wrong for you, pause for a moment

G. The way we think can destroy our own resilience(弹力).

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