题目内容

【题目】（9分）下列是利用小鼠所做的几个实验，请回答相关问题：

实验一 选择30只生理状况大致相同的健康成年小鼠，测定小鼠单位时间耗氧量的平均值，以代表小鼠的物质代谢强度，将其随机分为甲、乙两组，做如下处理：

组别

实验处理方法

实验结果

甲

切除小白鼠体内的甲状腺

切除10天后，测得其物质代谢强度大大下降

乙

切除小白鼠体内的甲状腺，5天后，连续给小白鼠注射一定量溶于某种溶剂中的甲状腺激素

切除10天后，测得其物质代谢强度没有下降

由此可以推测：甲状腺激素能增强__________________________。为了证明这一推论，要增加一对照实验，对照实验的处理方法是________________________________________。

实验二 已知卵巢分泌的雌性激素能促进子宫发育。研究人员为探究垂体分泌的促性腺激素对卵巢和子宫发育的影响情况，用一批幼鼠做了如下实验：

组别

手术/处理方法

相同条件下喂养一段时间后，卵巢的平均重量（mg）

相同条件下喂养一段时间后，子宫平均重量（mg）

1

不做处理

68

216

2

A

36

93

3

切除垂体，同时定期注射适量雌性激素

37

219

4

切除垂体，同时定期注射适量促性腺激素

66

219

请回答：

（1）实验所用的幼鼠性别应为____________________，且小鼠的生长发育状况和个体应大小相近，原因是________________________________________。

（2）表中A处的处理方法为________________________________________。

（3）从实验结果可以看出，促性腺激素只能影响____________________的发育，第三组实验结果产生的原因是________________________________________。

【答案】（9分，除标明外，每空1分）

实验一：小鼠的物质代谢 从切除甲状腺后的第5天开始，注射等量的用于该实验的溶剂（2分）

实验二：（1）雌性 保证单一变量

（2）切除垂体，同时注射等量溶剂

（3）卵巢

切除垂体后，促性腺激素减少，导致卵巢不能正常发育，而定期注射的雌性激素促进了子宫发育（2分）

【解析】实验一：从实验的处理方法可知，该实验的目的是探究甲状腺激素对小鼠代谢能力的影响。甲、乙两组对照说明甲状腺激素可以增强物质代谢的强度。由于甲状腺激素是溶于某种溶剂的，为了排除这种溶剂对物质代谢的影响，所以应增加一对照组，处理方法是从切除甲状腺后的第5天开始，注射等量的用于该实验的溶剂。实验二：（1）由于该实验探究的是促性腺激素对卵巢和子宫发育的影响情况，所以应选用雌性小鼠。小鼠的生长发育状况和个体大小都属于无关变量，所以要保持相近。（2）第2组实验中，小鼠的子宫和卵巢均减轻，所以该组的处理方法应是切除垂体，同时注射等量溶剂。（3）第4组实验和第3组实验相比，小鼠的卵巢重量较大而子宫重量一致，说明了促性腺激素只影响卵巢的发育。第3组实验中因为切除了垂体，所以促性腺激素减少，导致卵巢重量变轻，但注射了适量的雌性激素，所以子宫发育正常。

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The Olympic Games are enjoyed by everyone. Here are some tips about how to bring the deeper meaning of the Olympics into your life:

◆ 1 There are hundreds of events at the Olympics, each standing for a specific activity that athletes have chosen to follow. You can recognize the creativity and excitement and form strong feelings about it, which will help you to achieve your dreams.

◆Excellence comes with hard work and practice. Learning about the training schedules of Olympic athletes reminds us that success don’t come easy. 2 Set long-term goals as well as realistic ones and try best to reach them. Work hard for your personal best, and remember the most important competitor you have is actually you.

◆Expect to fail sometimes. Every athlete who has made it into Olympic competition has suffered injury and disappointment along the way, but that has not been the end of their dream. They know that they can learn more from failure than success. 3

◆ 4 With its symbol of five-ring Olympic flag, the Olympics celebrate the unity of the games while honoring individual nationality. Athletes show respect to those from other countries.

◆Enjoy your successes. Observe the Olympic athletes when they stand on the winners’ platform with their medals, listening to their national anthems(国歌). 5 Enjoy the feelings of power that come from your achievement. You deserve it.

A. Enjoy other cultures.

B. Their pride is obvious.

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D. Find your strong feelings and develop it.

E. Repetition is the servant(仆人) of success.

F. They have strong confidence in themselves.

G. You can treat your setbacks(挫折) as a teaching tool.

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