题目内容
【题目】与2014年相比，2015年上海市的常住人口减少了10.41万人，外来常住人口更是减少了14.77万人，这是近20年首次出现的人口负增长，调查发现减少的外来常住人口主要流向上海周边的中小城市，上海市已制定“十三五”期间人口增长由数量型向质量型转变的策略。据此完成下列问题。
【1】导致2015年上海市外来常住人口减少的主要原因是近年来上海市
A．环境质量下降 B．食品价格大增 C．产业转型升级 D．交通拥堵加重
【2】上海市减少的外来常住人口多流向周边中小城市，主要原因是这些中小城市
①生态环境好 ②服务设施齐全 ③适宜就业机会多 ④承接了上海市转移的产业
A．①③ B．①④ C．②④ D．③④
【3】今后，上海市引进产业从业人员将主要分布在
A．资源密集型产业 B．劳动密集型产业
C．资金密集型产业 D．知识密集型产业
【答案】
【1】C
【2】D
【3】D
【解析】
试题分析：
【1】上海市经济发达，城市化水平高，产业结构升级后，第三产业和高新技术产业为该区域的主要产业，即以知识密集型产业为主，要求从业人员具有较高水平和技能。外来常住人口的总体素质达不到要求，因此慢慢减少，C正确。环境质量下降、食品价格、交通拥堵等都是影响因素，而不是主要因素，ABD错。
【2】上海市产业结构升级后，原有的劳动密集型产业向周边中小城市转移，中小城市有较多的就业机会，导致外来常住人口主要流向周边中小城市，D正确。周边小城镇服务设施不及市区，生态环境对外来人口来说影响小。
【3】今后，上海市以第三产业和高新技术产业为主，因此从业人员将主要分布在技术知识密集型产业，D正确。
【题目】 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
Age has its privileges in America, and one of the more prominent of them is the senior citizen discount. Anyone who has reached a certain age — in some cases as low as 55 — is automatically entitled to dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. Eligibility is determined not by one’s need but by the date on one’s birth certificate. Practically unheard of a generation ago, the discounts have become a routine part of many businesses — as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airliners.
People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them; yet, millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy and solvent(有支付能力的). Businesses that would never dare offer discounts to college students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to older Americans. The practice is acceptable because of the widespread belief that “elderly” and “needy” are synonymous (同义的). Perhaps that once was true, but today elderly Americans as a group have a lower poverty rate than the rest of the population. To be sure, there is economic diversity within the elderly, and many older Americans are poor. But most of them aren’t.
It is impossible to determine the impact of the discounts on individual companies. For many firms, they are a stimulus to revenue. But in other cases the discounts are given at the expense, directly or indirectly, of younger Americans. Moreover, they are a direct irritant in what some politicians and scholars see as a coming conflict between the generations.
Generational tensions are being fueled by continuing debate over Social Security benefits, which mostly involve a transfer of resources from the young to the old. Employment is another sore point. Buoyed (支持) by laws and court decisions, more and more older Americans are declining the retirement dinner in favor of staying on the job — thereby lessening employment and promotion opportunities for younger workers.
Far from a kind of charity they once were, senior citizen discounts have become a formidable economic privilege to a group with millions of members who don’t need them.
It no longer makes sense to treat the elderly as a single group whose economic needs deserve priority over those of others. Senior citizen discounts only enhance the myth that older people can’t take care of themselves and need special treatment; and they threaten the creation of a new myth, that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and other age groups. Senior citizen discounts are the essence of the very thing older Americans are fighting against — discrimination by age.
Outline | Details |
Introduction | Age determines whether an American can be given a discount, which is a common 【1】________________in American business life today. |
Origin of senior citizen discount | ●Since the senior citizens are often treated as people who are in 【2】____________, they are given such priority. |
【3】__________ situation | ●The situation has changed a lot where the majority of the elderly are not poor at all. ●Younger Americans were at a/an 【4】__________ directly or indirectly due to the discounts given to the elderly, thus leading to conflicts between generations. ●The number of older Americans 【5】___________ to work rather than retire is on the increase, which means 【6】__________ opportunities for young workers. ●It is no longer a kind of charity because millions of senior citizens don’t need the priority 【7】__________. |
Conclusion | It’s unwise to offer discount priority to the elderly. ●It will mislead people to think they are unable to 【8】_____________ to themselves. ●People may think that they are ungrateful and they’re hurting the 【9】_____________ of other age groups. ●Actually senior citizen discounts, to some extent, 【10】___________against their age. |