题目内容

【题目】悼念乔治·桑

(法)雨 果

我为一位死者哭泣,我向这位不朽者致敬。

昔日我曾爱慕过她,钦佩过她,崇敬过她,而今,在死神带来的庄严肃穆之中,我出神地凝视着她。

我祝贺她,因为她所做的是伟大的;我感激她,因为她所做的是美好的。我记得曾经有一天,我给她写过这样的话:“感谢您,您的灵魂是如此伟大。”

难道说我们真的失去她了吗?

不。

那些高大的身影虽然与世长辞,然而他们并未真正消失。远非如此,人们甚至可以说他们已经自我完成。他们在某种形式下消失了,但是在另一种形式中犹可见。这真是崇高的变容。

人类的躯体乃是一种遮掩。它能将神化的真正面貌——思想——遮掩起来。

乔治·桑就是一种思想,她从肉体中超脱出来,自由自在,虽死犹生,永垂不朽。啊,自由的女神! 乔治·桑在我们这个时代具有独一无二的地位。其他的伟人都是男子,惟独她是伟大的女性。

在本世纪,法国革命的结束与人类革命的开始都是顺乎天理的,男女平等作为人与人之间平等的一部分,一个伟大的女性是必不可少的。妇女应该显示出,她们不仅保持天使般的禀性,而且还具有我们男子的才华。她们不仅应有强韧的力量,也要不失其温柔的禀性。乔治·桑就是这类女性的典范。

当法兰西遭到人们的凌辱时,完全需要有人挺身而出,为她争光载誉。乔治·桑永远是本世纪的光荣,永远是我们法兰西的骄傲。这位荣誉等身的女性是完美无缺的。他像巴贝斯①一样有着一颗伟大的心;她像巴尔扎克一样有着伟大的精神;她像拉马丁一样有着伟大的灵魂。在她身上不乏诗才。在加里波第②曾创造过奇迹的时代里,乔治·桑留下了无数杰作佳品。

列举她的杰作显然是毫无必要的,重复大众的记忆又有何益?她的那些杰作的伟力概括起来就是“善良”二字。乔治·桑确实是善良的,当然她也招来某些人的仇视。崇敬总是有它的对立面的,这就是仇恨。有人狂热崇拜,也有人恶意辱骂。仇恨与辱骂正好表现人们的反对,或者不妨说它表明了人们的赞同——反对者的叫骂往往会被后人视为一种赞美之辞。谁戴桂冠谁就招打,这是一条规律,咒骂的低劣正衬出欢呼的高尚。

像乔治·桑这样的人物,可谓公开的行善者,他们离别了我们,而几乎是在离逝的同时,人们在他们留下的似乎空荡荡的位子上发现新的进步已经出现。

每当人间的伟人逝世之时,我们都听到强大的振翅搏击的响声。一种事物消失了,另一种事物降临了。

大地与苍穹都有阴晴圆缺。但是,这人间与那天上一样,消失之后就是再现。一个像火炬那样的男人或女子,在这种形式下熄灭了,在思想的形式下又复燃了。于是人们发现,曾经被认为是熄灭了的,其实是永远不会熄灭。这火炬燃得比以往任何时候更加光彩夺目,从此它组成文明的一部分,从而屹立在人类无限的光明之列,并将增添文明的光芒。健康的革命之风吹动着这支火炬,并使它成为燎原之势,越烧越旺,那神秘的吹拂熄灭了虚假的光亮,却增添了真正的光明。

劳动者离去了,但他的劳动成果留了下来。

埃德加·基内③逝世了,但是他的高深的哲学却越出了他的坟墓,居高临下劝告着人们。米谢莱④去世了,可在他的身后,记载着未来的史册却在高高耸起。乔治·桑虽然与我们永别了,但她留给我们以女权,充分显示出妇女有着不可抹煞的天才。正由于这样,革命才得以完成。让我们为死者哭泣吧,但是我们要看到他们的业绩。具有决定性意义的伟业,得益于颇可引以为豪的先驱者的荚灵精神,必定会随之而来。一切真理、一切正义正在向我们走来。这就是我们听到的振翅搏击的响声。

让我们接受这些卓绝的死者在离别我们时所遗赠的一切!让我们去迎接未来!让我们在静静的沉思中,向那些伟大的离别者为我们预言将要到来的伟大女性致敬!

(姚远 译)(选自漓江出版社《洋文观止》)

【注】①巴贝斯(1809~1870),法国著名政治家。

②加里波第(1807~1882),意大利民族解放运动的领袖。

③埃德加?基内(1803~1875),法国哲学家。

④米谢莱(1798~1874),法国著名历史学家。

【1】理解划线句子的深刻含义。

⑴他们在某种形式下消失了,但是在另一种形式中犹可见。

⑵乔治·桑就是一种思想。

【2】文章第十自然段,作者将乔治?桑和其他伟大作家放在—起比较,有什么作用?

【3】如何理解“当然她也招来某些人的仇视”一句话的内涵。

【4】下列对这篇悼文的赏析,不够正确的两项是( )

A.这是一篇悼文,更是对“伟大”和“善良”的颂歌;这是一篇文艺性很强的散文体演说辞,也是一篇优美的抒情散文。说理的辩证性和语言的哲理性是这篇演说稿的两大特色。

B.面对乔治·桑的逝世,作者用低沉的语调,哀伤的言辞,去述说死者的生平和病逝;用高亢的语调,诗化的语言,讲述了乔治·桑的伟大贡献,表达了对死者的无尽悼念之情,言之切切,令人感动。

C.作者在文中指出,伟人虽然离我们而去,但在离逝的同时“新的进步已经出现”。启示人们,对伟人的逝世不应持悲观态度,在看到伟人逝去的同时,还须看到他的贡献和力量。

D.“劳动者离去了,但他的劳动成果留了下来。”这是包含辩证思想的一句话。意思是乔治·桑的形体己逝去,但她留下了无数杰作佳品。

E.这篇演说辞不同于一般悼念文章,它不仅评说死者,而且阐述自己的观点,那就是作者的生死观。整篇演说稿,给读者留下的不是压抑,不是眼泪,不是哀伤,而是悲壮、沉痛化成的巨大力量。这正是作者人生观、世界观的一种体现。

【答案】

【1】⑴作为肉体的乔治·桑消失了,但作为精神价值的乔治·桑却进入了永恒。

⑵乔治·桑以一种思想的形态存在,表达了作者的无限崇敬之情。

【2】突出乔治·桑有着全面发展的完美人格和崇高思想。

【3】说明乔治·桑是行善者,也是敢于向邪恶与不义斗争的战士,所以在赢得尊敬的同时,也会招来少数人的嫉恨。

【4】BD

【解析】

【1】考查对重点句子含义的理解。

(1)主要是概括出句子的深层含义。

(2)主要是概括出句子中包含的深厚情感。

【2】主要考查类比的手法。类比是两种东西有同样的特征才放一起比较,是为了突出乔治·桑的伟大。

【3】考查对重点句子含义的理解,主要是概括出句子的深层含义

【4】B项中“低沉的语调”“高亢的语调”无据,D项中“乔治·桑的形体己逝去,但她留下了无数杰作佳品”不确切,不单单指乔治·桑。

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