题目内容

【题目】2010年11月1日零时,我国进行了新中国成立以来的第六次全国人口普查,此次普查的主要目的是查清十年来我国人口的数量、结构、分布和居住环境等方面的变化情况,为实施可持续发展战略,提供科学准确的统计信息支持。读有关材料,回答问题。

材料一:第六次全国人口普查主要数据于2011年4月28日发布。此次人口普查登记的全国总人口为1339724852人。比2000年第五次人口普查相比,10年增加7390万人。

材料二:目前我国超过60岁的老年人为1776亿,约占总人口的1326%,未来五年将是人口老年化加速发展期,城乡老年空巢家庭比例不断上升,人口将呈现老年化、高龄化、空巢化加速发展的新特征。

1人口普查不能弄清

A人口数量 B人口构成

C人口合理容量 D城市化水平

2材料一和材料二说明我国当前面临的主要人口问题为_________;_______

3材料二表明,人口老龄化、高龄化对社会经济发展的影响_______;_______

4面对日益严重的老龄化、高龄化问题,我国已经放宽生育控制,实施单独二胎政策,对此,你是否赞成?理由是什么?

【答案】

1C

2人口基数大,数量增长快; 人口老龄化

3社会赡养费用上升,政府财政压力增大;青壮年社会负担过重;

4赞成。可以减轻青壮年的社会负担;

不赞成。我国人口基数大,人口增长仍很快,将进一步加大人口与资源、环境之间的压力。

【解析】

试题分析:

1人口普查可以反映人口数量的多少,人口年龄和性别结构,城市人口和乡村人口的比重。人口合理容量:指一个国家或地区最适宜的人口数量,由资源状况、对外开放程度、消费水平等因素制约。人口普查不能弄清人口合理容量,故选C。

2由材料一可知,第六次全国人口普查全国总人口为1339724852人。比2000年第五次人口普查相比,10年增加7390万人。说明口基数大,数量增长快。由材料二可知,我国超过60岁的老年人为1776亿,约占总人口的1326%,说明人口老龄化严重。

3由于老龄化高龄化严重,劳动力占人口总比重低,会导致社会赡养费用上升,政府财政压力增大;青壮年社会负担过重,劳动力不足,影响经济发展。

4面对人口老龄化,专家提出的放宽计划生育、放开二胎的政策从正反两个方面来分析,理由充分即可。赞成主要从我国人口老龄化趋势严重角度分析。不赞成主要从我国人口基数以及资源、环境压力大角度考虑。

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相关题目

【题目】阅读理解。

When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.

These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society, said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.

Vaillants study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the mens mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.

The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working----at any age----is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence---the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isnt everything. As Tolstoy once said, One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love ones work.

【1】What do we know about John?

A. He enjoyed his career and marriage.

B. He had few childhood playmates.

C. He received little love from his family.

D. He was envied by others in his childhood.

【2】Vaillants words in Paragraph 2 serve as _____.

A. a description of personal values and social values

B. an analysis of how work was related to competence

C. an example for parents expectations of their children

D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men

【3】Vaillants team obtained their findings by _____.

A. recording the boys effort in school

B. evaluating the mens mental health

C. comparing different sets of scores

D. measuring the mens problem solving ability

【4】What does the underlined word sharp probably mean in Paragraph 4?

A. Quick to react

B. Having a thin edge

C. Clear and definite

D. sudden and rapid

【5】What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. competent adults know more about love than work.

B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.

C. Love brings more joy to people than work does.

D. Independence is the key to ones success.

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章通过John的例子结合一个研究发现说明童年时期帮助做一些家务的孩子长大后会更快乐,更成功。

【题目】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

A garden that’s just right for you

Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 【1】. But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.

【2】

Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 【3】. However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.

Recall(回忆)your childhood memories

Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 【4】 --how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 【5】 then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.

A. Know why you garden

B. Find a good place for your own garden

C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters

D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers

E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants

F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too

G. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have

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