题目内容

【题目】填入下面文段空白处的词语,最恰当的一组是( )

企业内部建立工资协商机制,这在我国的《劳动法》《工会法》和《劳动合同法》中都有明确规定。 ① ,职工与企业主进行工资协商, ② 只是由职工随意要价,企业主坐地还价, ③ 很难达成共识,最终工资的确定,恐怕 ④ 由企业主说了算。反过来,在我国劳动力市场已发生变化的当下,企业常常会面临“用工荒”的问题,为了招到足够的用工又不得不满足职工的要求, ⑤ 导致企业用工成本居高不下。在此情况下,由政府发布的工资指导线 ⑥ 能发挥重要作用。

①

②

③

④

⑤

⑥

A

但是

即使

/

还得

这样

才

B

然而

尽管

还

必须

最终

/

C

但是

如果

则

还是

/

就

D

可是

假如

就

/

结果

必

【答案】C

【解析】首先,要读懂文段的内容,然后将四个关联词语运用的选项分别放到文段中的空白处作对应比照,再选出最恰当的一组。

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【题目】阅读下面的文字,完成下列各题。

国药大师——金世元

“博学”是所有和金世元接触过的人对他最深的印象,只要是涉及中药方面的问题,无论是基础理论,还是实践经验,他都能一一解答,因此许多人都尊称他为“国药泰斗”。

金世元,1926年12月出生于北京市一个普通农民家庭,7岁时,父亲送他去了一家私塾读了七年的国学经典。

1940年2月,14岁的金世元到北京药庄当学徒。做学徒的当年,金世元便开始学“炒药”。一口大铁锅放到灶上,底下柴火一烧,烟熏得眼睛不停地流泪,手上烫起泡是常有的事。“炒药“中最苦最累的莫过于炒姜炭了。炒姜炭既要忍受火烤,还要忍受呛嗓子的强烈刺激。干姜块刚加热的时候会冒很多黄烟,并带着一股强烈的姜辣的刺激味道,让人涕泪俱下,就连流的汗都是黄色的;等到姜炒成黑炭冒黑烟时,脸上、身上流的汗水全都是黑的。学徒三年,每天至少要工作12个小时,晚上还要看药书,背《汤头歌》、《四百味》。三年学徒,金世元脏活累活抢着干,且虚心求教、认真观察、处处留意,不仅了解了诸如饮片炮制、成药制作等中药制药的全过程,而且掌握了一些中药制药的特殊技巧和方法。当然他也记住了老师傅常对他说的一句话“修合无人见,存心有天知”。

还是做学徒的当年,他被选送到北京市中药讲习所系统学习中医药学知识。白天在药庄干活,晚上徒步往返20多里到讲习所,师从中医名宿汪逢春、赵树屏等。两年时间他风雨无阻,准时到讲习所专心听老师讲课,认真做笔记,并刻苦攻读中医典籍,这为他从事中药事业、钻研中药学术奠定了理论基础。

1957年金世元以优异成绩通过中医师资格考试,获得了中医师营业执照。他不顾个人利益得失,放弃开业行医,继续从事自己的中药事业。

1961年金世元调入北京卫生学校,创建中药专业。他亲自选编教材,主讲中药课程,注重实践教学。“文革”期间,被扣上了“反动学术权威”的帽子下放到农村劳动改造,他白天干农活,晚上写书,用五年的时间完成了29万字的《中成药的合理使用》一书,为指导临床中医正确辨证用药起到了积极的作用。金世元,1990年被遴选为全国唯一的中药学指导老师,2012年与王水炎院士合作担任“医药圆融”导师,2013年被遴选为传承博士后合作导师。作为一名教师,在教授学生专业技术之前,他首先要求学生树医德,守药德,并让学生将此作为从事中药工作的基础。他还注重引导学生从中国传统文化的角度认识中医药文化。从教50余年,金世元桃李满天下,硕果结四方。

1985至1990年间,金世元根据自己多年临床应用的有效处方成功研发出“射麻口服液”,不久又与北京同仁堂制药厂合作,将著名中成药“乌鸡白凤丸”以新工艺研制成口服液剂型,两种药均被卫生部审核批准投产供应市场。

1995年至1998年,金世元被聘为中药鉴定专家,参与全国中药材市场整顿工作。他以精湛的鉴别技能和丰富的炮制经验对制售伪劣药材和违反炮制规程的行为予以当面揭穿,为净化、规范中药市场,保障百姓用药安全做出了自己的贡献。

为了保证药品质量,金世元几乎走遍了全国主要的中药材基地,在考察中还对各地中药材栽培进行技术指导。为了提高药商的药材鉴别水平,最大限度地降低伪劣药材对人体的危害,金世元还为各地的药商们讲授药材的鉴别知识。为了把自己的学术经验和技术专长毫不保留地传给后人,金世元先后主编了专业著作30余部,先后发表学术论文60多篇。

到2017年,金世元已经从事中药工作77年了。在这77年的风风雨雨中,金世元为中药事业的发展,付出了全部心血,也获得了党和国家给予的崇高荣誉:国家级非物质文化遗产“中药炮制技术”代表性传承人、中华中医药学会终身理事、国家基本药物评审专家、国务院政府特殊津贴专家……

回眸自己的一生,金世元感触良多:中药是大自然的精华,人也必须依赖大自然才能生存;人与中药有一种浑然天成的关系;药如人生,中药不仅能治病,制药的过程同时也可以教人、育人。

(选自三户町的《国药大师——金世元》,有删改)

【相关链接】

我现在呢,主要就是带学生。带学生,有四句话的嘱言:“热爱中药事业,恪守职业道德,继承传统文化,发扬优秀精华。”

我们中药行业是一个特殊行业,它特殊在什么地方?我们面对的顾客是病人,病人吃药并不只是解决痛苦,更是抢救生命。人命至重,贵于千金;一方济之,德逾于此。所以说做这项工作,必须得有德。

工作七十七年,我没有过念头要改行,选择了这项工作,我就志笃意坚。

(摘编自金世元在《开讲啦》第216期的励志演讲)

【1】下列理解和分析,不符合原文意思的一项是( )

A.“修合无人见,存心有天知”这句话的意思是制药过程没人看得见,但制药人动机的好坏和所做的一切上天是知晓的。

B.在北京药庄艰辛而充实的三年学徒生活,磨练了金世元坚韧的意志,也为他的药学人生奠定了坚实的基础。

C.金世元有很强的科研能力,他不仅研发出“射麻口服液”,还用新工艺将中成药“乌鸡白凤丸”研制成口服液剂型。

D.为保障百姓用药安全和保证药品质量,金世元参与了全国中药材市场的整顿工作,还为各地的药商讲授药材的鉴别知识。

【2】下列对材料有关内容的分析和概括,最恰当的两项是( )

A.少年时代七年的私塾学习,为金世元打下了一定的国学基础,也为他今后攻读中医典籍、从事中药行业提供了有力的帮助。

B.金世元14岁便到药庄当学徒,一生没有接受正规、系统的中医药教育,他最终成为国药大师,主要得益于自己的执著和勤学不辍。

C.“文革”期间,金世元在下放到农村进行劳动改造的情况下,仍能写出《中成药的合理使用》一书,说明他是一个不受环境影响的人。

D.因为金世元教授学生时能够要求他的学生热爱中药事业,树医德,守药德,所以他培养出了许多优秀的中药人才。

E.纵观金世元的人生经历,他一直都在从事中药方面的教学与科研工作,即使身处逆境也毫不懈怠,一生都在做对人民有益的事情。

【3】金世元认为“药如人生,中药不仅能治病,制药的过程同时也可以教人、育人”,请结合材料,谈谈中药事业与金世元人格精神之间的关系。

答:

【题目】 Top lists are lecturing people on everything from “100 places to visit” to “100 books to read”. Aren’t you just tired of being told what to do with your time?

Now you have a list to end all lists!

Take a look at the following two examples from the list of “101 thins not to do”:

Swim with Dolphins?

Swimming with dolphins is one of the world’s most profitable tourist activities. However, every dolphin will welcome having their busy, tiring day interrupted by tourists screaming pushing around them in the water. Worse yet, when dolphins get too near to the boats loaded tourists, they could get caught up in ropes and killed by propellers(螺旋桨).

Here’s a little secret. Dolphins look like smiling at you, but actually they’re just opening mouths.

Go to see the Mona Lisa?

There must be something about the mysterious smile. The 6 million people who visit the lady in the Louvre every year can’t all be wrong, after all. But they can be quite annoying, standing in front of you, holding up their cameras to prevent you from seeing anything. In fact, it is hard for you to see the painting clearly because you have to stay away from it for security reasons. After queuing for hours, many tourists can remain in front of the painting only for 15 seconds most.

If the mysterious lady in the picture knew her fate, she wouldn’t just be smiling, she’d be laughing.

So, still long to see the Mona Lisa? If you want to find out more about the list, read 101 Things NOT to Do Before You Die. Visit www. not2dobeforeidie. co. uk and buy the book at a 20% discount.

【1】According to the passage, swimming with dolphins .

A. is the world’s most popular tourist activity

B. gives fun to both tourists and dolphins

C. will make tourists busy and tired

D. can cause danger to dolphins

【2】What does the author think about going to see the Mona Lisa?

A. It is wrong to go and see the mysterious smile.

B. It is not as satisfying as expected.

C. Fifteen seconds in front of the painting is enough.

D. Queuing for hours is worthwhile.

【3】The list of “101 things not to do” is made most probably because its author .

A. thinks it boring to do the things suggested by other lists

B. believes other lists are not humorous enough

C. intends to persuade people to read more lists

D. wants to provide a list different from other lists

【4】 What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To advertise a book.

B. To introduce a website.

C. To comment on popular lists.

D. To recommend tourist activities.

【题目】Hi, I’m your tooth. I’ve been asked to represent the rest of your teeth. We need your help. We are feeling a bit neglected and we need your help.

First, let me tell you a little about us. You weren’t born with our predecessors(前辈),the baby teeth.They developed when you were about six or seven months old. Then they were all ready to chew.You went from milk to real food in no time thanks to your twenty primary teeth. Finally, they loosened and fell out, one at a time, probably about the time you were six or seven years old.

Then we came into your life. We are your permanent teeth, all twenty-eight of us. Some people may even have thirty-two depending on those wisdom teeth in the back. Sometimes they come in, and sometimes they cause trouble.You just never know about them. Many times wisdom teeth come in wrong directions and have to be pulled out. Some people don’t even have them at all!

On a more personal note, I am an tooth in the front of your mouth, and you have seven more just like me here. We do the biting on those chocolate chip cookies you like so much. Next to us are four sharp teeth, two on either side. Their job is to tear food; pizza is a good one for them. Behind them are eight premolars(小臼齿) and eight to twelve molars, depending on those wisdom teeth. The molars do the majority of the work chewing and breaking or crushing the food that you eat. They do a great job on those carrots you like so much!

To keep us healthy,we need to be brushed twice a day.Instead of a quick brushing,brush us for at least two to three minutes.If we don’t get cleaned,you could lose some of us.That’s definitely not what you want,is it?

【1】From the passage we can infer that ___.

A.the teeth’s main job is to digest the food we eat

B.we should take good care of our teeth

C.some children are born with several baby teeth

D.primary teech fall out when we are six or seven months old

【2】 How many teeth does a four-year-old boy usually have?

A.Twenty

B.Twenty-four

C.Twenty-eight

D.Thirty-two

【3】 Wisdom teeth are sometimes pulled out mainly because ___.

A.they are useless

B.there are too many of them

C.they come in wrong places

D.they grow in wrong direction

【4】 The speaker “I” in this passage is ___.

A.a wisdom tooth

B.a baby tooth

C.a sharp tooth

D.a permanent tooth

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