题目内容

【题目】下图为某日部分地区昼夜示意图，阴影部分表示黑夜，其余部分表示白昼。读图回答问题。

（1）按东、西半球划分，图上阴影部分主要位于____半球，此时甲地地方时是_______时。

（2）按南、北半球划分，此时太阳直射点位于_____半球，太阳直射点的经度是________。

（3）该日乙地的白昼时间长约________小时。

（4）如果这一天是农历十五，上海地区人们还需要等待约_______小时才能看到东边天际升起的一轮圆月。

（5）如果晨昏线与甲地所在经线的夹角为10°，则该日正午时分上海（31°N）世博园场馆的太阳能电池板与建筑物外墙面（墙面与地面垂直）之间最合适的夹角约为________。

【答案】（1）西 6

（2）北 60°E

（3）11

（4）2

（5）69°

【解析】试题分析：（1）读图，图中阴影部分表示黑夜，其余部分表示白昼。根据图中的经度，按东、西半球划分，20°W以西到160°E是西半球，图上阴影部分主要位于西半球。此时甲地位于晨线与赤道的交点上，地方时是6时。

（2） 按南、北半球划分，此时北半球昼长大于夜长，说明太阳直射点位于北半球。根据图中甲地位置，位于图示两条经线中间，是30°W，时刻是6点。太阳直射点的时刻是12点，可以计算出经度是60°E。

（3）读图，甲地是6点，该日乙地的日出时间是6:30，根据昼长计算方法，乙地白昼时间长约11小时。

（4）如果这一天是农历十五，上海的纬度与乙地纬度接近，昼长时间与乙地夜长时间相似，可以计算出上海的日落时间约18:30。此时，西2区区时6点，北京时间是16点，上海地区人们至少还需要等待约2小时，才能看到东边天际升起的一轮圆月。

（5）如果晨昏线与甲地所在经线的夹角为10°，则该日太阳直射纬线是10°N，上海（31°N）的正午太阳高度角是69°，世博园场馆的太阳能电池板要与太阳光线垂直，效果最好。所以电池板与水平面夹角是21°，与建筑物外墙面（墙面与地面垂直）之间最合适的夹角约为69°。

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