题目内容
【题目】阅读下列材料,回答问题。
材料一 在俄国,工业资本主义从其发展初期开始,就具有相当高的集中化水平。1879年,百人以上的企业的工人占全部工厂工人的67%;1890年占71%;到1913年,产业工人人数增至350万,其中40%在千人以上的大企业工作。由于企业和工人高度集中,大城市出现了。19世纪末,圣彼得堡已拥有120万人,莫斯科的居民也超过100万。20世纪初期,垄断组织已成为俄国经济生活中的重要现象。到第一次世界大战前,45个工业部门中约有200个卡特尔和辛迪加,全国12家大银行集中了国内50家股份银行80%的固定资产和债务。
材料二 一国之内,在四周白色政权的包围中,有一小块或若干小块红色政权的区域长期地存在,这是世界各国从来没有的事。这种奇事的发生,有其独特的原因。而其存在和发展,亦必有相当的条件。
——毛泽东《中国的红色政权为什么能够存在》
材料三 十月革命是马克思主义者对其理论的一次实践性试验。
一切从前用来巩固等级制和财产方面的不平等的特权都被废除。年轻的苏维埃共和国的企业中确立了工人监督。农民问题也同时得到解决。俄国农民拥有土地的世世代代的梦想实现了。
1913年俄国农业总产值占国民收入的34.8%,工业和运输业仅占国民收入的19.3%;1937年苏联工业总产值已达955亿卢布,已占国民收入的80%以上。苏联仅用几十年时间就走完了西方国家上百年才走完的工业化进程。
(1)根据材料一,概括俄国十月革命的背景。
(2)结合材料一、二,比较分析俄国十月革命和中国民主主义革命道路的不同之处。
(3)依据材料三,概括十月革命的历史意义。
【答案】
(1)十月革命前的俄国已经具备了帝国主义国家的基本特点;工业资本和金融资本都集中在少数垄断组织手中;俄国的大城市中的资本主义经济比较发达;俄国的无产阶级非常集中,组织性比较强。
(2)俄国:城市中心道路。
中国:农村包围城市,最后夺取政权的道路。
(3)十月革命使社会主义由理想变为现实;十月革命使俄国摆脱了封建残余的束缚和剥削阶级的统治;为苏联的工业化开辟了道路。
【解析】
本题主要考查了俄国十月革命的相关知识及其与中国革命的不同之处。
第(1)问,结合材料一,从俄国资本主义的发展阶段、资本主义经济发展状况、无产阶级发展状况等方面来总结。
第(2)问,根据材料并结合所学知识概括回答即可。
第(3)问,根据材料三中的三段话提炼出三个要点。
【题目】任务型阅读,请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
The Elements of Success
I don’t believe that there is any recipe for success. Instead, I believe success is the result of a combination of a lot of different factors — and not all of them are needed for success. The more factors you have on your side, the more likely you are to succeed, and positive attitude is just one of those factors. Here are seven additional factors that are also important.
Knowledge
A strong body of knowledge about the area in which you wish to succeed is often one of the key building blocks of success. You can build this by pushing yourself — try out to read some foundational materials and push yourself into challenging areas to build your knowledge.
Natural talent
Some people are born with a predisposition to succeed in certain areas. Find this out for yourself by trying a lot of different activities and seeing what comes easy to you. The things you do with little or no effort that genuinely impress others are likely very near your natural talent, and natural talent combined with a lot of hard work leads to greatness.
Clear goals and planning
Much like a trip, it’s a lot easier to get where you want to go if you know where you’re going and spend the time to plan the route you’ll take to get there. Think about what your definition of success exactly is, and then identify some of the things that need to be done to help you move towards it.
Passion
An intense, burning desire to dig deep into a particular area is often a sign that you’ll find success there. Much as with your natural talent, the way to find your passion is to touch on a lot of different areas and see what resonates(产生共鸣) for you.
Focus and consistent effort
Hard work is another key to finding success. You don’t become a champion without practicing every day. If you want to succeed in a certain area, work hard in that area and go beyond what others are doing — deliberate practice is one big key.
Luck and opportunity
Luck and opportunity also play an important role in success — sometimes things just click due to forces beyond your control. You can improve your luck by making as many strong personal contacts as you can and sharing what you have to increase their "luck" and "opportunities".
Cooperation and support
Along with luck comes cooperation — the fact that others are working in small ways to help you succeed rather than hinder(阻碍) you. A spouse telling you that you can do this is going to go a lot further than a spouse telling you you’ll never make it.
Title: The Elements of Success | ||
The author’s ___【1】___ about success | ★Success is the result of a combination of a lot of different factors together. ★The more factors you have on your side, the more ___【2】__ you have to succeed. ★__【3】___ attitude should be excluded. | |
Other additional factors for success | Knowledge | ★Make a(n) __【4】___ to read some foundational materials and push yourself into challenging areas. |
Natural talent | ★Combining natural talent with ___【5】__ can contribute to greatness. | |
Clear goals and planning | ★Think about how you ____【6】___ success and identify some of the things that need to be done. | |
Passion | ★___【7】___ into many different areas and see what resonates for you. | |
Focus and consistent effort | ★Practicing ___【8】__ is a big key to success. | |
Luck and opportunity | ★Make as many strong personal contacts as you can. ★Share what you have to ___【9】__ to others’ "luck" and "opportunities". | |
Cooperation and support | ★___【10】__ are that you can make much more progress through encouragement. | /tr>|