In Canada and the United States, people enjoy entertaining(请客) at home. They often invites friends for a meal, a party or just for coffee and conversation.
Here are the kinds of things people say when they invite someone to their homes: “Would you like to come over for dinner this Saturday night?” “Hey, we’re having a party on Friday. Can you come?”
To answer an invitation, either say thank you and accept or say you are sorry and give an excuse. “Thanks, I’d love to. What time would you like me to come?” or “ Oh, sorry. I’ve tickets for a movie.”
Sometimes, however, people in the west use expressions(语句) that sound like invitation but which are not real invitation. For example, “Please come over for a drink sometime.” “Why not get together for a party sometime?” or “Why don’t you come over and see us sometime soon?” They are really polite ways of ending a conversation. They are not real invitations because they don’t mention(提到、涉及) a certain time or date. They just show that the person is trying to be friendly. To answer expressions like this, people just say, “Sure, that would be great!” or “OK! Thanks.”
So next time when you hear what sounds like an invitation, listen carefully. Is it a real invitation or is the person just being friendly?
【小题1】Why do Canadians and Americans often invite friends for meals at home?

It can be hard to meet people from another culture. From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal (信号). Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.
Different cultures emphasize（强调）the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust. Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in “small talk”, usually over a glass of tea, before they do any job. In many European countries—like the UK or France—people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants rather than at the office.
Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures. I once made a speech in Thailand. I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; instead there was an uncomfortable silence. The people just looked at me all the time and smiled. After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much. In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are not needed.

Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share almost the same values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.
People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other. However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural (多元文化) environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.
【小题1】 In some countries, eating together at restaurants may make it easier for people to     .

Imagine that your hairstyle is important for your future.  For teenage boys in  Papua  New Guinea this is true! The Hulie people believe that beautiful hair shows a man is healthy and strong.. They respect men who wear wigs, so teenage Hulie boys have to grow great hair. With this hair, they make a wig that they can wear every day.
The Hulie live deep in the rain forest of Papua New Guinea.  Before the 1930s, people from the outside world didn't even know about them. Today, there are about 70000 Hulie people,  Most still follow their traditional way of life. The Hulie live in small villages, but families. do not live together. Women and small children live in one house and. men live together in another house.  When boys are eight years old, they have to leave their mothers to live with their fathers.
Some Hulie children go to school to study reading and math.  But after middle school. While teenage girls babysit their younger brothers and sisters, most teenage boys，to wig school.  At wig school, they learn how to grow their hair and how to make wigs. The rules are pretty serious
1 .They cannot run, because their hair can be damaged.
2. They have to stay away from fire.
3. They have to put water on their hair 12 times a day to make it Grow faster.
When a Hulie teen wears his wig for the first time, he shows he is a man now, he can get married. To prepare, boys grow their hair for 18 months or longer. Then they cut it and use their own hair to make a mushroom-shaped wig.  Later they grow their hair again for special wigs. These special wigs are for celebrations and festivals. Hulie men wear their mushroom-shaped wigs every day, but they like to be fashionable, too. To add style, they decorate their wigs with flowers and feathers.
【小题1】The article is mainly about________
A. teenage Hulie girls   
B. teenage Hulie boys      
C. Hulie men and women
【小题2】 People didn't know the Hulie people until the 1930s because______
A.they lived in small villages 
B. there are only 2700Huli people
C. they were hidden in the rain forest
【小题3】 The underlined phrase "people from the outside world" means______
A. people who don't live in the rain forest  
B. people who follow their old traditions
C. people who do things outside of the forest
【小题4】According to the article we can refer that Huli_________
A. teenage boys live with the mothers  
B. teenage girls live with their fathers
C. husbands and wives do not live together
【小题5】Hulie boys do not decorate their wigs with_______
A. flowers            B. mushrooms         C. feathers

Do you know something about the Akuapem people? They live in eastern Ghana (加纳), where the sunshine hugs all the time. They are very friendly. Now let’s have a look at how the Akuapem people receive a visitor.
A visitor is often welcomed warmly in a family of Akuapem. After the visitor is welcomed into the house, he is offered a seat and water at the very beginning, for the host (主人) thinks that the visitor must have come from a very long trip and is in need of water. Then the host family greet the visitor by saying “Akwaaba.” More interestingly, if there is a group of visitors, the host will greet the visitors from right to left. And the host shakes only with his right hand, because the left hand is regarded dirty according to the Akuapem people.
Next, the visitor is asked how his trip was and why he has come. While the conversation is going on, the wife and children, especially girls, are cooking food for the visitor. The visitor can choose the food. After the visitor has finished eating, the host and the visitor continue their conversation. Usually this is a short one since the visitor is getting ready to say goodbye.
When the visitor is leaving, he is often given some food to take along. He is also accompanied (陪伴) by one of the children to the nearest station. The child who accompanies the visitor will not come back home until the visitor leaves safely.
No matter if he is a close friend or just a passer-by (过路人), this is always the way that the friendly Akuapem people receive a visitor.
B）阅读表达。阅读第I卷第三大题D篇短文，根据短文内容回答下列问题。（共5小题，计10分）
【小题1】What is the visitor offered at first by the family of Akuapem?
______________________________________________________________
【小题2】Why does the host shake only with his right hand?
______________________________________________________________
【小题3】Who are cooking food while the host is chatting with the visitor?
______________________________________________________________
【小题4】When will the child who accompanies the visitor to the station come back home?
______________________________________________________________
【小题5】What does the article mainly talk about？
______________________________________________________________

May Day is the day when we celebrate the end of winter and the arrival of spring. It’s a time of new life, with new leaves on the trees and wildflowers growing in the woods and fields. On that day, children in Britain and other parts of Europe often make May baskets and hang them on a neighbor’s door as a gift of love and friendship.
Here are the steps of making this kind of basket.
Step 1  Food paper into a cone(圆锥形) and stick it to keep the shape.
Step 2  Cut top of the cone with scissors.
Step 3  Make two holes on opposite sides of the cone. Leave 5cm form the top.
Step 4  Pass ribbon(彩带) through holes and tie it to create a basket handle.
Step 5  Fill your basket with different kinds of flowers.
根据以上制作步骤重新排列A、B、C、D四副图片的顺序，并将其编号填入小题中。

Why do children in Europe make May baskets? Because they want to ____.

Bookstores are second homes for readers. Although many people can now buy books online, many readers still like the feeling in bookstores. They can touch(触摸) the books and smell the print.
In China, there are many special bookstores. Sanlian Taofen Bookstore became the first 24-hour bookstore in Beijing at the beginning of April. Popular Holdings in Shanghai is a film-themed bookstore. It has film books and posters. Eslite Bookstore in Taiwan often has activities like talks with famous writers.
At the same time, bookstores outside China can be very colorful, too. Scarthin Books is a small bookstore in the UK. It sells new and second-hand books. There are more than 100,000 books lying on the shelves of the store’s 12 rooms. Bart’s Books in the US is a good place to enjoy the sunshine(阳光) while reading books. It’s an outdoor bookstore. Bookshelves are on the street. When the store is closed, people can still buy books. They just put money into the door’s coin box. Where can you find a café, bar and bookstore in just one place? The answer is probably El Pendulo in Mexico. Books line(排列成行) the walls of the store. On the second floor, visitors can order everyday meals in the café and drinks from the bar. In order to keep cool, there are green plants and trees inside. Does it look like a park?

【小题1】______ special bookstores inside China are mentioned(提到) in the passage.

In the 1920s and 30s the airlines were just beginning. It was unusual for people to travel by air because it was expensive and dangerous. In those days, there were no flight attendants to look after the passengers. Young men, or "stewards" helped the passengers onto the airplane and carried the passengers' luggage (行李) but they did not provide food and drinks. But then in 1930, a woman called Ellen Church invented the "stewardess".
Ellen Church was born in 1904 on a farm in Iowa. She was a different child. She didn't want to work on a farm or marry a farmer—she wanted a more adventurous (冒险的) life. Ellen studied to be a nurse at the University of Minnesota and then got a job in a hospital. For the next few years she stayed at the hospital but also took flying lessons and got her pilot's license.
Ellen was twenty-five years old when she first got in touch with Boeing Air Transport. She loved flying but she understood that airlines were a man's world. Although women like Emelia Earheart were becoming famous, she realized it was impossible for a woman to have a career as a pilot. But she had another idea. Most people were frightened of flying because flying was still an unreliable (不可靠的) way to travel. There were often delays (延误), many crashes and the bad weathers made many passengers sick. Ellen thought nurses could take care of passengers during flights and B.A.T. Agreed.
The young woman from Iowa and seven other nurses became the first air stewardesses.
At first pilots were unhappy because they did not want stewardesses on airplanes, but passengers loved the stewardesses. In 1940 there were around 1000 of them working for different airlines. The early "stewardesses" had to be under twenty-five-year old, single and slim. When a woman joined an airline, she had to promise not to get married or have children. It was hard job and not well paid. They worked long hours and earned $1 an hour.
In the 1970s, stewardesses were unhappy in their job and airlines had to make some changes. Since the 1970s, "stewardesses" have been called flight attendants. They are well paid and work fewer hours than in the past.
【小题1】The last sentence of the first paragraph suggests that _________.

Why play games? Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rules, planning your next move, acting as a team member------these are all “game” ideas that you will have throughout your life.
Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Some games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dreams that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and teamwork.
Many children’s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as adults. For example, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones. It can be very helpful to exercise their hands and eyes, which is needed in hunting.
Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in the friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for a whole country, not just the athlete who has got it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much.
Sports are also an event that brings people together. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it------some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He set up an organization which can provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a hopeful future.
Next time, when you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in your life.
【小题1】The underlined part “translate life into exciting dreams” in Paragraph 2 most probably
means that games can ________.

Imagine the situation. You are driving along a desert or on a mountain. You have no idea where you are. You passed the last house two hours ago. Then your car breaks down.   【小题1】 You have no mobile phone. What should you do? Well, next time take a GPS with you. This invention may be able to help you.   【小题2】  It can find your position to within 20 metres. A GPS cannot start your car, but at least you will know where you are.
GPS, which means Global Positioning System, is a small radio receiver. It looks like a mobile phone.  【小题3】  We also find GPS devices in cars, planes, or boats. Some of these devices have electronic maps, so you know where you are.   【小题4】
Some people think that in the future the GPS will be as common as the mobile.   【小题5】  here are also new uses for the GPS. Perhaps they will become like watches. Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again.

If the rose can be said to be a special flower, then the apple can be said to be a special fruit. It is very important in American culture. American stories speak of Johnny Appleseed, who went throughout America collecting apple seeds and planting apple trees. He had a great love for nature and went through fields and farms adding richness and beauty to the country.
One of the first sayings taught to school children is, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” This short saying encourages children to eat fresh fruit to keep healthy. If someone always says good words to a person, people will call him an “apple polisher”. This, however, is not a good name. If someone is very dear to us, we say that he or she is the “apple of our eye”.
Most people believe that the fruit which Eve gave to Adam was an apple, even though the Bible(圣经) never says so. The apple, therefore, is a deep part of the language and stories of America.
An apple is also delicious. Apples can be cooked in many ways, used as a dessert, and made into sweet juice.
In many parts of the country during the harvest season, a popular activity is to go into an apple garden to pick apples. Washington, D. C. and New York are both famous for their apples.
Finally, when it’s time to take a vacation to American cities, one can always visit New York, which is “the biggest apple” of all the American cities.

【小题1】What does the underlined phrase “apple polisher” mean?