What do you want to be when you grow up? A teacher? A doctor? How about an ice-cream taster?
Yes, there really is a job where you can get paid to taste ice cream. Just ask John Harrison, an “Official Taste Tester” for the past 2l years. Harrison’s job has been responsible for approving（批准）large numbers of the sweet ice cream – as well as for developing over 15 flavors（味道）.
Some people think that it would be easy to do this job; after all, you just have to like ice cream, right? No – there’s more to the job than that, says Harrison, who has a degree in chemistry. He points out that a dairy or food-science degree would be very useful to someone wanting a job in this “cool field”.
In a typical morning on the job, Harrison tastes and grades 60 ice-cream samples. He lets the ice cream warm up to about 12oF. Harrison explains, “You get more flavor from warmer ice cream, which is why some kids like to stir it, creating ice-cream soup.”
While the ice cream warms up, Harrison looks over the samples and grades each one on its appearance. “Tasting begins with the eyes,” he explains. He checks to see if the ice cream is attractive and asks himself, “Does the product have the colour expected from that flavor?” Next it’s time to taste!
Continuing to think up new ideas, try out new flavors and test samples from so many kinds of ice cream each day keeps Harrison busy but happy – working at one cool job.
【小题1】What is John Harrison’s job?
| A．An officer. | B．An ice-cream taster. |
| C．A chemist. | D．An ice-cream producer. |
| A．To just like ice cream. |
| B．To find out new flavors each day. |
| C．To have new ideas every day. |
| D．To have a degree in food-science. |
| A．He smells it. | B．He lets it warm up. |
| C．He tastes its flavor. | D．He examines its colour. |
Even though global warming may have made the weather more mild, many animals are still hibernating（冬眠）. It’s too bad that humans can’t hibernate. In fact we almost did.
Apparently, at times in the past, farmers in France liked a semi-state of human hibernation. So writes Graham Robb, a British scholar who has studied the sleeping habits of the French farmers. As soon as the weather turned cold, people all over the France shut themselves away and practiced the forgotten art of doing nothing at all for months.
In line with this, Jeff Warren, a producer at CBC Radio’s The Current, tells us that the way we sleep has changed since the invention of lighting.
When historians began studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed something referred to as “first sleep”, which was not clarified, though. Now scientists are telling us our ancestors most likely slept in separate periods. The business of eight hours’ continuous sleep is a modern invention.
In the past, without the artificial light, humans went to sleep when it became dark and then woke themselves up around midnight. The late night period was known as “The Watch”. It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbors.
According to some sleep researchers, a short of insomnia（失眠）at midnight is not a disorder. It is normal. Humans can experience another state of consciousness（清醒状态）around their sleeping, which happens in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning. This period can be a creative time for some people.
Playing with your sleep rhythms（节奏）can be dangerous, as worry may set in. Medical science doesn’t help much in this case. It offers us medicines for a full night’s continuous sleep, which sounds natural; however, according to Warren’s theory, it is really the opposite of what we need.
【小题1】The late night was called “The Watch” because it was a time for people ______.
| A．to set time to catch animals |
| B．to remind others of the time |
| C．to guard against possible dangers |
| D．to wake up their family and neighbors |
| A．sleep in the way animals do |
| B．follow their natural sleep rhythms |
| C．keep to the eight-hour sleeping way |
| D．ask doctors for help if they can’t sleep |
| A．To throw new light on human sleep. |
| B．To encourage people to sleep less. |
| C．To give some suggestions on insomnia. |
| D．To find out people’s hibernating history. |
Sunday is more like Monday than it used to be. Places of business that used to keep daytime “business hours” are now open late into the night. And on the Internet, the hour of the day and the day of the week have become irrelevant. A half century ago in the United states, most people experienced strong and precise dividing lines between days of rest and days of work, school time and summer time. Today the dividing lines are still there, but they seem not clear.
The law in almost all states used to require stores to close on Sunday; in most, it no longer does. It used to keep the schools open in all seasons except summer, in most, it still does. And whether the work week should strengthen its legal（法律的）limits, or whether it should become more changeable, is often debated（争论）. How should we, as a society, organize our time? Should we go even further in relaxing the dividing lines of time until we live in a world in which every minute is much like every other?
These are not easy questions even to ask. Part of the difficulty is that we seldom recognize the “law of time” even when we meet it face to face. We know as children that we have to go to school a certain number of hours, a certain number of days, a certain number of years – but unless we meet the truant officer（学监）, we may well think that we should go to school because of social custom and parents’ requirement rather than to the law. As adults we know “extra pay for overtime working” very well, but less familiar with the fact that what constitutes（构成）“overtime” is a matter of legal thing. When we turn the clock forward to start daylight – saving time, have we ever thought to ourselves: “Here is the law in action”? As we shall see, there is a lot of law that has great influence on how organize and use time: compulsory education law, overtime law, and daylight-saving law – as well as law about Sunday closing, holidays, being late to work, time zones, and so on. Once we begin to look for it, we will have no trouble finding a law of time to examine and assess.
【小题1】What does the underlined word “irrelevant” probably mean?
| A．Impossible. | B．Unacceptable. | C．Unimportant. | D．Disagreeable. |
| A．are unknowing of the law of time |
| B．fail to make full use of their time |
| C．welcome changeable working hours |
| D．enjoy working overtime for more pay |
| A．have to follow the law |
| B．need to find social customs |
| C．need to learn more knowledge |
| D．have to follow their parents’ requirement |
| A．Our life is governed by the law of time. |
| B．How to use time is not worth debating. |
| C．New ways of using time change our society. |
| D．Our time table is decided by social customs. |
Anne and Joseph are talking about an interesting question. 【小题1】 __________? There can be many reasons. Hanna changed her name to Anne because she thought it would be easier for people to remember. On the other hand, Joseph is thinking about changing his name to an unusual name because he wants to be different.
【小题2】__________. Film stars, singers, sportsmen and some other famous people often change their names because they want names that are not ordinary, or that have special sound. They chose the “new name” for themselves instead of the name their parents gave them.
Some people have another reason for changing their names. They have moved to a new country and want to use a name that is usual there. For example, Li Kaiming changed his name to Ken Lee when he moved to the United States. He uses the name Ken at his job and at school. 【小题3】__________.
In many countries, a woman changes her family name to her husband’s after she gets married. But today, many women are keeping their own family names and not using their husbands’. Sometimes, women use their own names in some situations and their husbands’ in other situations. 【小题4】__________.
| A. And some use both of them B. Is it good or bad to change names C. Why do some people change their names D. But with his family, he uses Li Kaiming E. People have many reasons for changing their names |
------Is this ruler Mary’s?
------No, it _______Mary’s. Hers is on the desk..
------No, it _______Mary’s. Hers is on the desk..
| A．can be | B．can’t be | C．must be | D．mustn’t be |
___________to London to watch the Olympic Games ___________my dream.
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| A．Go, is | B．Go, are | C．Going, are | D．Going, is |