14.Have you ever been in a conflict(冲突)?Do you know how to solve it?Conflict resolution is a peaceful way of trying to solve a conflict.Both sides in the conflict explain what they think happened to cause it.The person who listens to both sides is called the mediator(调解人).
After both sides tell what they think happened to cause the conflict,they discuss ways to solve it.They try to come up with a"resolution"that both sides agree to.They cannot be angry during the communication.Everyone should use good listening and attending skills while talking.If voices get too loud or it appears that someone is angry,the mediator will speak up and have them treat each other with respect.After different suggestions are shared in how to mediate the conflict,it is time for
discussing the best solution(解决办法).
Here is an example of how conflict resolution works step by step in a school playground setting:
●Someone says a student pushed him on the football field.
●The person who was accused as the"pusher"says it was actually an accident.
●The person who was pushed gets the mediator.
●The mediator takes the two persons to a quieter place,away from others to talk.
●The mediator calms them down and lets them know he understands their feelings.
●Each person describes what happened
●The mediator repeats what he heard,so it is clear to everyone.
●The mediator asks for ideas to solve the problem.
●The two persons offer their own solutions.
●The two persons have a discussion and come to an agreement.
●The mediator makes sure the persons follow the solution.
●The mediator offers praise for solving the problem.
Conflict resolution can be used in many environments.It encourages people to tell what really happened,to share their feelings,and to work together peacefully to solve the problem.It offers people workable steps to reach an agreement with the help of a mediator.
38.According to the passage,if two students have had a fight,they had betterB.
A.call the police
B.get a mediator
C.ask parents for ideas
D.describe the fight to teachers
39.In conflict resolution,the mediator's job is toB.
A.describe what really happened to both sides
B.help both sides reach an agreement in a proper way
C.listen to both sides and then punish the trouble maker
D.write down what both sides have explained in the communication
40.The underlined words"was accused"in this passage might mean"C"in Chinese.
A.被惩罚
B.被轻视
C.被指责
D.被否定
41.The writer gives the example in the passage in order toD.
A.show how a mediator works in a football match
B.help us know the importance of a mediator in daily life
C.show how conflict resolution is used in different environments
D.help us clearly understand the workable steps in conflict resolution.
13.Around the world,there are about 7,000 National Parks.Most of them cover huge areas of land where nobody lives.However,the National Parks in England include places where people live and work,as well as wild areas where there are few human activities.
The National Parks in England are called"England's Breathing Spaces"because they are places where people can go to be in the open air,away from the dirt and noise of cities.They provide wonderful scenes of mountains,woods,grasslands and wetlands.And there are plenty of activities to do in all of the National Parks in England.Visitors can walk or ride bikes for fun.Many of the parks put on activities for families.
Every year there are about 110 million visitors to the parks,bringing many benefits(益处) to the
areas.At the same time,it creates problems too.First,life can be difficult for local people.Car parks and roads are too crowded.Gift shops and cafes take the place of many everyday shops.Even house prices in some areas can become too high.Besides,country roads can be damaged,for too many people walk,cycle or ride horses on them.Roads can be rebuilt,but then they look less natural.Another big problem to the National Parks is litter.In the parks it is a danger to wild animals.Broken glass can also cause fires by focusing the rays of the sun.Such fires in wild places can be out of control.All National Parks in England are making more rules,which tell people how to take good care of their environment.If these rules are followed,the National Parks will be well kept and continue to give pleasure to
many people for a very long time.
34.Visitors to the National Parks in England canC.
A.give food to wild animals
B.drive cars on the grasslands
C.enjoy fresh air and peaceful time
D.have fun farming with local people
35.The third paragraph mainly tells usA.
A.the problems of the National Parks
B.the pollution caused by visitors
C.the development of the National Parks
D.the benefits brought by visitors
36.Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in the blank in Paragraph 4?B
A.What can people get
B.How can people help
C.What are the National Parks like
D.How are the National Parks set up
37.The passage is probably taken from theDpart of a magazine.
A.transport
B.wildlife
C.history
D.geography.
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