What should you take in with you when you take an exam? Pen, pencil, eraser, ruler…, and don’t forget a bottle of water!

According to a study at the British Psychological ( 心理学的) Society Annual Conference held in London, students who bring water into exams may improve their grades by up to 10 percent.

Scientists at the University of East London and the University of Westminster, UK, did a study on 447 students. The students were studying for different degrees (学历) at the University of East London. Only 25 percent of them entered the exam hall with something to drink.

Scientists then compared their exam results with their normal schoolwork grades. They found that all those who had brought drinks with them got better grades by between 2 and 10 percent.

It is unclear why drinking water improves exam results. But scientists say having enough water in our bodies and not feeling thirsty could have a helpful effect on our brains. Drinking water may also cut down on anxiety ( 焦虑), which has a bad effect on exam performances, according to Chris Pawson, PhD, of the University of East London.

“Whatever the explanation, it is clear that students should try hard to stay hydrated (含水的)with water during exams,” he said.

So next time, when you are going to have a big exam, try bringing a bottle of water with you.Who knows – it may help you pass the exam!

1.How much may the students improve their grades most if they bring water into exams?

A. By 2%. B. By 8%. C. By 10%. D. By 25%.

2.How many students in the study got better grades?

A. About 112 students who brought drinks or water into their exams.

B. All the 447 students who come from the University of East London.

C. About 300 students who took part in the study.

D. About 10 percent of the students who studied different subjects.

3.The underlined phrase “cut down on” probably means _______.

A. increase B. bring C. reduce D. change

4.According to the passage, how does water help students in exams?

a. It is good for their brains.

b. It makes students smarter.

c. It helps students stay cool.

d. It helps students stay awake.

A. a b B. a c C. b c D. c d

阅读填空 先通读下面的短文,然后根据短文内容,在文章后表格的空格内填入一个最恰当的单词。所填单词必须写在答题卡对应题号的横线上。每个空格只能填一个单词。

Each year there is an increasing number of cars on roads and streets as millions of new cars are produced. One out of every six Americans works at putting together the parts of cars, driving trucks, building roads or filling cars with gas. American won't live without cars!

Most Americans find it hard to think what life would be like without a car.However, some have realized the serious problem of air pollution by cars.The polluted air does harm to health.

One way to reduce the polluted air is to build a new kind of car.That's what several of the large car factories are trying to do.But to build a clean car is easy to say, but it’s much more difficult to do it..Progress in this field has been slow.

Another way is to take the place of(取代) the car engine(发动机) by something else.Engineers are now working on some new cars.Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model that pleases man.

To prevent the world from being polluted by cars, we'll have to make some changes in the way many of us live.Americans, for example, have to cut down on the number of their cars.They are encouraged to travel and go to work by bike.Riding a bike is thought to help keep the air clean.

But this change does not come easily-a large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down.And the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of unemployment(失业).

Although cars have brought us a better life, they have also brought us new problems.

Advantage&disadvantage of the cars

★Cars are very 1. to Americans. If a car factory closes down, lots of workers will be out of work.

★More cars are moving than before. More air pollution is produced by cars. It is 2. to health.

Problem-solving methods

★Try to build a new kind of clean cars, though it’s easier 3. than done.

★4. something practical to take the place of the traditional car engineer.

★Change or choose some other 5. ways to reduce the pollution.

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