Question

【题目】 A new report says promising children money to pass exams does not help their exam grades. It could be a waste of money using cash to get kids to study more. However, the promise of a trip could encourage students to try harder and do better at school. Scientists looked at how promises of money and tickets to shows affected students’ studying and learning. Over 10, 000 pupils took part in the survey in 2016. There was an improvement in homework, but this did not result in better test scores.

Lead researcher Dr Simon Burgess thought the survey showed something important and interesting. He said it had not found something that really got students to work harder. He added that, “Clearly, some pupils have a lot of goals and believe that education is very important in life, but there are kids who think that working hard doesn’t make a difference. He said these children think exam success is “all in your genes（基因）” because of their family background.

Education expert Dr Kevan Collins said good teachers were better than promises of rewards to get children to study, especially for children from low-income families. He wrote, “What really makes difference is how students are taught.”

【1】According to the report, we can know that _________.

A.promising children money isn’t helpful for their exam grades

B.promising children a trip doesn’t encourage them to study harder

C.promising children tickets to shows doesn’t encourage them to do homework

D.promising children money doesn’t encourage them to do homework

【2】What does the underlined word “affected” mean in Chinese?

A.有利B.有弊C.影响D.抑制

【3】Which of the following is TRUE?

A.The survey shows something that gets students to really work harder.

B.Some students think education is very important in their life.

C.Some kids work harder if they think they don’t have good genes.

D.The survey shows that education is not so important in life.

【4】Dr Kevan Collins thinks _________ really make(s) a difference in kids’ study.

A.promising moneyB.promising a trip

C.promising tickets to showsD.good teachers

【5】If a kid thinks genes are the most important, he may agree _________.

A.good teachers make the differenceB.money makes the difference

C.working hard makes the differenceD.family background makes the difference

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】B

【4】D

【5】D

【解析】

本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了怎样让孩子更努力学习。有的家长用钱、门票等激励孩子学习，但效果并不明显；调查发现孩子们对学习成功与否观点各异，有的孩子索性认为在于“基因”。最后一位教育专家提出如何教育学生很重要，教师比奖励更有效。

【1】细节理解题。根据第一句话“A new report says promising children money to pass exams does not help their exam grades.”可知承诺给孩子钱来促使他们通过考试对孩子的考试成绩没有帮助，故选A。

【2】词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Scientists looked at how promises of money and tickets to shows affected students’ studying and learning.”和2016年的调查可知，科学家研究了钱和门票的承诺如何影响学生的学习，所以affect意为影响，故选C。

【3】细节理解题。根据第二段中“He said it had not found something that really got students to work harder”可知他尚未发现真正让学生更加刻苦学习的东西，所以选项A说法错误；根据第二段中“Clearly, some pupils have a lot of goals and believe that education is very important in life”可知一些学生有很多目标，同时认为教育在生活中很重要，所以选项B说法正确，而选项D说法错误；根据第二段中“but there are kids who think that working hard doesn’t make a difference. He said these children think exam success is ‘all in your genes’ because of their family background.”可知有些孩子认为努力学习并没有什么区别，考试成功完全取决于基因，所以选项C说法错误。注意本题是选择说法正确的选项，故选B。

【4】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Education expert Dr Kevan Collins said good teachers were better than promises of rewards to get children to study”可知教育专家说，优秀的教师比承诺的奖励能更好地让孩子学习，所以好老师对孩子的学习有影响，故选D。

【5】细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“but there are kids who think that working hard doesn’t make a difference. He said these children think exam success is ‘all in your genes（基因）’ because of their family background.”可知这些认为努力学习并无关系的孩子，因为自身的家庭背景，反而认为考试成功完全取决于基因，所以他们会觉得家庭背景有影响，故选D。

本题的第2小题是词义猜测题。词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，所猜测词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：根据上下文来猜测词义；通过同义词或近义词来猜测词义；通过构词法来猜测词义；通过定义或释义来猜测词义；通过对比、因果、转折等关系来猜测词义；通过生活常识来猜测词义等等。其实，对于词义猜测题采取“代入法”也非常有效，即将备选答案逐一代入文中，哪一个选项能使句子的意思通顺、连贯，且与上下文的内容一致，哪一个选项就是该题的答案。本题的第2小题就可以采用这个方法。