Although people everywhere seem to enjoy drinking coffee, they don’t all have the same coffee culture. In Europe, for example, coffee shops are common places for people to meet friends and to talk while they drink coffee. On the other hand, places like this were not as common in North America in the past. Instead, people in North America liked to drink coffee in their homes with friends. The coffee culture in the USA changed when Starbucks (星巴克) coffee shops spread across the country.

The first Starbucks coffee shop opened in 1971 in downtown Seattle, Washington, in the USA. It was a small coffee shop that cooked its own coffee beans. The coffee shop’s business did well, and by 1981 there were three Starbucks stores in Seattle.

Things really began to change for the company in 1981. That year, Howard Schultz met the three men who ran Starbucks. Schultz worked in New York for a company that made kitchen equipment. He noticed that Starbucks ordered a large number of special coffee makers, which caused his great interest. Schultz went to Seattle to see what Starbucks did. In 1982, the original Starbucks owners hired Schultz as the company’s head of marketing (市场营销).

In 1983, Schultz traveled to Italy. The special environment of the espresso (浓咖啡) bars there caught his eyes. Back in the USA, Schultz created an environment for Starbucks coffee shops that was comfortable and casual, and customers everywhere seemed to like it. Starbucks began opening more stores across the USA. Then the company opened coffee shops in other countries as well. Today, there are more than 16,000 Starbucks coffee shops all over the world.

However, that does not mean Starbucks has not had problems. In fact, many Starbucks stores have been closed over the past few years. On the one hand, this is because there were too many coffee shops competing for business in one small area. On the other hand, stores in some countries were closed because the coffee culture there did not match with the “feel the same everywhere” environment offered by Starbucks.

1.The underlined word “ran” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”.

A. closed B. managed C. left D. sold

2.According to the passage, which is the right order for the following sentences?

a. Schultz helped to make Starbucks a huge coffee company.

b. Starbucks began as a small coffee company in Seattle in the USA.

c. Schultz went to Seattle to learn about the company and later worked for it.

d. Schultz noticed Starbucks ordered lots of special coffee makers.

A. a-b-d-c B. c-a-b-d C. b-d-c-a D. d-c-a-b

3.Why were so many Starbucks closed in small areas?

A. Because the coffee in these places was too expensive.

B. Because the style of the coffee stores seems the same.

C. Because people like to drink coffee at home with friends.

D. Because there were too many coffee shops in one place.

4.Which of the following shows the right structure of the passage? (P=Paragraph)

A. B. C. D.

This is the world’s first underwater restaurant. It lies five meters below the surface of the Indian Ocean and has all-glass windows from floor to ceiling. It costs five million dollars.

In the five-star restaurant at the Conrad Maldives Hotel, you can enjoy the beauty of the ocean without getting your feet wet. You can see sharks, stingrays(黄貂鱼), turtles and stunning corals around you.

You need to wear sunglasses in the restaurant, because it is too bright under the crystal-clear blue water. The restaurant is named “Ithaa” —meaning “mother of pearl” in the Maldivian language of Dihevi.

Entering the restaurant, you can see six tables. Only two guests can sit near every table. And it costs you 190 dollars per person for dinner. The restaurant can offer 180-degree panoramic views. The New York Daily News rated it “the most beautiful restaurant in the world”.

The restaurant has never had water inside. It was built on dry land in Singapore, and then workers carefully lowered it into the ocean in one place. Every day, lots of customers are waiting to have dinner in this restaurant. Not only can they have delicious food, but also they can enjoy the beautiful ocean.

1.When you have dinner in the restaurant, you should .

A. eat with getting your feet wet B. wear a pair of sunglasses

C. wear a raincoat and rain shoes D. offer your ID card

2.When you are eating in the restaurant, you can enjoy watching something EXCEPT .

A. whales B. sharks C. stingrays D. turtles

3.The restaurant was built in .

A. India B. New York C. Singapore D. China

4. guests can come to the restaurant to eat dinner at most.

A. Twenty B. Six C. Eight D. Twelve

5.If you come to the restaurant to eat dinner with your parents, you should pay for your dinner.

A. 190 dollars B. 380 dollars C. 570 dollars D. 760 dollars

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