Question

【题目】Could smells affect your lifespan? Female fruit flies (果蝇) without the ability to smell food live longer than other fruit flies．The sense of smell may be connected to the cellular ageing (细胞老化) process in many other living things even people．Such connection has recently been found in both worms and flies．For example, scientists found that removing fruit flies' ability to smell made them live nearly 20 percent longer than flies with a sense of smell．

They confirmed that food smells were the ones most likely to affect ageing, as nutrition (营养) and lifespan are known to be connected in many living things．To test the idea that food smells affect lifespan, they removed flies' ability to smell carbon dioxide, which is produced by some fly foods．They left the rest of the smelling system．

This action had no effect on male flies, but the females lived 30 percent longer than normal．Removing the ability to smell CO2 may stop flies getting information about food availability．This could mean that food is not enough, causing processes that encourage

flies to survive．Scientists found that the female flies from stored extra fat and that both males and females immune (免疫) to CO2 were stronger against the stress than normal flies．It is suggested that females may simply be easily influenced by the smells of CO2．

Scientists point out that people don't know whether ageing and smell are connected in animals and humans．But they clearly experience physical changes after smelling food．

【1】From the passage, we learn that what scientists found is to ________．

A. show there is the best way to make lifespan longer

B. tell us we should remove our smell ability to live long

C. show the sense of smell can affect the cellular ageing process

D. explain fruit flies without ability to smell can live longer

【2】Scientists do some research to prove

A. the immune system of flies to CO2

B. the connections between nutrition and lifespan

C. the importance of food smells to our humans

D. the connections between food smells and lifespan

【3】According to scientists' opinion, we can see that ________．

A. flies without ability to smell is encouraged to store extra energy

B. male flies in general can live longer than female ones

C. both male and female flies can live longer without the ability to smell

D. flies without ability to smell can also get information about food availability

【4】Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?

A. CO2 has few effects on female flies．

B. The sense of smell might have an effect on living things．

C. The sense of smell is necessary to humans' health．

D. Female fruit flies can always live longer than male flies．

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】A

【4】B

【解析】试题分析：本文谈论的是食物气味与寿命之间的联系。科学家通过对雌性果蝇和雄性果蝇嗅觉的对比研究，证实了食物气味是最有可能影响衰老的因素。

【1】题意：从这篇文章中，我们了解到科学家们的发现是 。考查细节理解题。根据第二句开头They confirmed that food smells were the ones most likely to affect ageing, 科学家发现食物气味是最有可能影响衰老的因素，可知选C。

【2】题意：科学家研究证明 。考查细节理解题。A. the immune system of flies to CO2苍蝇对CO2的免疫系统；B. the connections between nutrition and lifespan营养与寿命之间的联系； C. the importance of food smells to our humans食物气味对人类的重要性；D. the connections between food smells and lifespan食物气味与寿命之间的联系。根据开头Could smells affect your lifespan? Female fruit flies without the ability to smell food live longer than other fruit flies．The sense of smell may be connected to the cellular ageing process in many other living things even people．，可知本文谈论的是食物气味与寿命之间的联系，故选D。

【3】题意：根据科学家们的观点，我们可以看出 。考查细节理解题。A. flies without ability to smell is encouraged to store extra energy没有嗅觉的苍蝇被鼓励储存额外的能量；根据This could mean that food is not enough, causing processes that encourage flies to survive，可知说法正确。B. male flies in general can live longer than female ones雄性苍蝇一般比雌性蝇寿命长；文中没有提及，说法错误。C. both male and female flies can live longer without the ability to smell雄性和雌性苍蝇在没有嗅觉的情况下可以活得更长；根据This action had no effect on male flies, but the females lived 30 percent longer than normal，可知说法错误。D. flies without ability to smell can also get information about food availability没有嗅觉的苍蝇也能获得食物供应的信息；根据Removing the ability to smell CO2 may stop flies getting information about food availability，可知说法错误。综合以上分析，故选A。

【4】题意：下面哪一个最好地把这篇文章描述为一个整体？考查综合理解题。A. CO2 has few effects on female flies．CO2对雌性蝇的影响较小。B. The sense of smell might have an effect on living things．嗅觉可能对生物产生影响。C. The sense of smell is necessary to humans' health．嗅觉对人类的健康是必要的。D. Female fruit flies can always live longer than male flies．

雌果蝇通常比雄蝇寿命长。根据文意可知短文是“总分总”结构，第二段开头They confirmed that food smells were the ones most likely to affect ageing, as nutrition and lifespan are known to be connected in many living things.是过渡，下文分别对雌性和雄性果蝇进行分析，可知过渡句把上下文联系在一起，故选B。