Question

1．阅读短文，然后根据要求完成任务．
  A young girl sits at her desk，reviewing herhomework for the evening．English：Read three chapters （文章） and writea report．Math：Complete 30 problems．Science：Do a worksheet （学习计划），front and back．French：（A） Study  new words for tomorrow's test．It's going tobe a long night．
 This happensto students in America．Now it's time to start a homework revolution（变革）．
 Do students in the United States receive too muchhomework？According to the National Education Association，a student should beassigned （布置） no more than 10 minutes per grade level per night．For example，a first grader should only have 10 minutes of homework，a  （B） grader，20 minutes，and so on．This means thata student in my grade-seventh-should have no more than 70 minutes of work  （C） each night．Yet this is often doubled，sometimeseven worse!
 It's no good giving students too muchhomework．According to research，kids are developing more illness at school，such as stomachaches，headaches and sleep problems than before．
Everybody  （D）  that teachers are the ones who assignhomework，but they are not the only ones to blame （受责备）．"Many teachersare under greater pressure （压力） than ever before，"says Kylene Beers，President ofthe National Council for teachers of English，"Some of   （E） it comes from parents，some fromthe wish for high scores on tests．"Teachers who are under pressurefeel the need to assign more homework．
 Some people have different ideas，saying thathomework prepares kids for doing better in high school，better in college，and  （F）今后找到更好的工作．But too much homework is sapping students'strength，curiosity（削弱学生的个性和好奇心），and most importantly，their love of learning，isthat really what teachers and parents want？

71．写出文中划线部分（A）和（C）的同义词或近义词：learn，every
72．在文中（B）和（D）的空白处分别填入适当单词：second，knows．
73．文中划线部分（E）指代的是：pressure
74．将文中划线部分（F）译成英语：getting a better job in the future
75．从文中找出能说明本文主旨大意的中心词：homework．

Answer 1

分析 本文首先说了一个美国的小女孩在做家庭作业，以及家庭作业的情况，第二段说了家庭作业的数量比较多，第三段则分析了这一现状的原因．

解答 71．learn，every．同义词题．study和learn都有学习的意思，可以互换，但learn侧重学习的成果，指从不知到知，从不会到会的学习，强调通过学习去获得知识和技能； study强调学习的过程，指深入系统地学习，带有努力，勤奋的意味．其学习对象往往是科学，艺术和需要深入探讨，研究的问题及学科，不是单纯地获得技巧．Each为每一个的意思，近义词为every．each强调各别、各个，而every 强调全部、都．故答案是learn，every．
72．second，knows．．推理题．前一句For example，a first grader should only have 10 minutes of homework，可以看出，一个一年级的学生做十分钟的作业，后一句a student in my grade-seventh-should have no more than 70 minutes of work看出七年级的学生做不超过七十分钟的作业，B处应为二年级，填second．每个人都知道作业是老师布置的，所以D处填knows．故答案是second，knows．
73．pressure，词意理解题．从前后文Many teachers are under greater pressure （压力） than ever before可以看出it指的是来自家长和考试分数的压力，所以填pressure，压力．
74．getting a better job in the future．汉译英题．本句直接翻译即可，未来：in the future找到工作为get a job，better更好，prepare for后加动名词结构，故答案是getting a better job in the future 
75．homework．主旨题：根据第二段Now it's time to start a homework revolution（变革）．可知是谈论的作业问题：故答案是homework．

点评 做推理判断题要注意两点：一是推理，二是判断，而且两者密不可分．推理是为了判断，判断依赖于推理．推理判断题要求学生根据原文，经过推理，进行判断，从而得出结论，所以推理判断题的答案不能在文中直接找出．但是，推理时务必要忠实于原文，在文章中寻找可推论的依据，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点．