Is it a tree? Is it a bear? If you’re looking at a tree in the shape of a bear, it’s a topiary(林木雕塑). A topiary is a tree or a bush(灌木) that is trained into a shape. Growing a topiary garden takes both time and skills.
A topiary gardener should make a drawing first. The drawing shows the final shape that the gardener likes. The gardener then chooses a bush for the topiary. It may be one that just planted or one that is already in place.
In June of the plant’s first year, the gardener looks for new leaves. When the leaves grow, it’s time to shape(给……造型) the bottom of the bush. It needs about five years. The top is not trimmed during this time. In the fifth year, the bush grows tall enough for shaping. Then the gardener begins to shape the whole bush.
Once a topiary has been started, it needs care all year. In the summer it must be cut many times to keep its shape. This cutting also helps the bush grow. In the winter the bushes don’t grow. The gardeners have to brush snow of the plants, or snow may hurt some parts of them.
Topiary gardening is very old art. The Romans did it in the first Century. In the sixteenth century, people in Europe like topiaries too. By the late 1600s, topiaries were also grown in America. Today it’s popular in many parts of the world.
【小题1】 Put the following in the right order according to the passage.
a. The gardener chooses a bush for the topiary.
b. The whole bush grows tall enough for shaping.
c. The gardener begins to shape the bottom of the bush.
d. The gardener draws the shape of a topiary.
A.d→a→b→cB.b→c→a→dC.a→d→c→bD.d→a→c→b
【小题2】In which part of the world did the topiary gardening begin first?
A.In Rome.B.In Europe.C.In America.D.In Africa.
Here's an interview to a pilot about his life.
(R="Reporter;" P= Pilot)
R: How much time do pilots actually spend flying a plane?
P: It varies (WES'J) from about 20 minutes on some domestic (区别) flights to as much as 18 hours on international flights. It all depends on if the flight is a short- or long-haul flight.
R: Do pilots take breaks during flights or do they fly the whole time?
P: Yes, we take breaks during long-haul flights. Airlines assign (指派) three or four pilots to long flights. We take turns flying the plane.
R: If pilots are traveling all the time, how do they deal with jet lag (时差)?
P: Jet lag is annoying for almost all pilots. I try to go to sleep as I would at home.
R: How important is it to know the weight and size of the plane you are flying?
P: It is very important. We weigh almost everything put into the airplane and make estimates (估计) according to the number of people on each flight.
R: Do pilots eat the airplane food?
P: Yes, we eat business class food! Airplane food changes every season and is very delicious if you don't hate eating lobster (龙虾) every day! The pilots on the same plane are supposed to make different meal choices so that if one of the dishes causes food poisoning, only one of them will be sick. That way, at least one pilot will always be well enough to fly the plane!
【小题1】The number of pilots depends on _.
A.how many hours a plane fliesB.what kind of planes they are
C.the airline companies assignD.what the pilot likes
【小题2】In order to know the weight of the airplane, the pilots must know_ __.
A.the weight of everything put into the plane
B.the number of people on the plane
C.the weight of the things and people on the plane
D.the importance of the weight
【小题3】What's the Chinese meaning of the word "poisoning" in the passage?
A.中毒B.难吃C.缺少D.浪费
【小题4】 What does the pilot think of the airplane food?
A.Airplane food is more delicious than lobster.
B.The pilot suggests having airplane food instead of lobster.
C.The pilot doesn't like the airplane food at all.
D.Airplane food is as delicious as lobster.
【小题5】 What question doesn't the reporter ask in the interview?
A.How to keep passengers safe?
B.How long do pilots actually spend flying a plane?
C.How to deal with jet lag?
D.How to take breaks during flying.

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