题目内容

【题目】 Einstein was born in 1879 in Germany. As a child, he was slow 1 (learn) to talk. As a pupil, he was backward. But when he was fourteen years old, he became clever. He taught 2 (he) maths from textbooks. He studied hard because he wanted to be a physicist.

In 1901, Einstein began teaching. In 1902 he continued his studies at the University of Zurich. Several years 3 (late), he formulated(系统地阐述)his famous Theory of Relativity(相对论).To most people, the law of relativity is difficult to explain. But once Einstein explained it very 4 (good)to a group of young students. He said“When you sit with a good girl for two hours, you think it is only a minute. But when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, you think it's two hours. That is relativity.”

After Hitler came into power in Germany, Einstein went to America. In 1940 Einstein became an 5 (America) citizen. In 1955, Einstein's life ended at the age of seventy-six.

【答案】

1to learn

2himself

3later

4well

5American

【解析】

爱因斯坦是世界上著名的科学家,他最著名的理论是相对论,这是一个很难理解的理论。这篇短文给我们介绍了爱因斯坦的生平。

1句意:小时候,他学习数学非常慢。

learn学习,是一个动词。这句话中使用了句型:主语+be+形容词+to do sth.,因此这里应用动词不定式形式。故答案为to learn

2句意:他从课本上自学数学。

he他,是人称代词主格形式。根据句子结构可知,该空是taught的宾语,且结合句意“他教自己……”,这里应用反身代词。故答案为himself

3句意:几年之后,他系统地阐述了他的相对论。

late可以作形容词或副词,意为“晚,迟到”。空前several years表示一段时间,后面应跟副词later,表示“一段时间之后”。故答案为later

4句意:但是有一次爱因斯坦给一群年轻的学生们把相对论解释得很好。

good好的,是一个形容词。根据句子结构可知,这个空修饰的是前面的explained这一动词,所以应用副词形式。故答案为well

5句意:在1940年,爱因斯坦成为了一个美国公民。

America美国,是国家的名称。根据句意和空后的名词citizen可知,这里表示“美国的公民”,应用形容词形式,故答案为American

这是一篇记叙文,短文介绍了关于爱因斯坦的一些事情。文章主题明确,且爱因斯坦这个人是学生们都比较熟悉的,因此文意比较容易理解。题型是语法填空,要求根据文意,用所给单词的适当形式填空,考查单词在语境中的使用。做题时,应先通读短文,了解文章大意;然后根据语境提示,结合所给单词在句中的作用以及句中使用的句型、时态等,变化单词的适当形式。这几个题目考查了非谓语动词、反身代词、副词以及形容词的用法,如第1小题,这句话中使用了句型:主语+be+形容词+to do sth.,因此这里应用动词不定式形式。故答案为to learn。再如第5小题,America美国,是国家的名称。根据句意和空后的名词citizen可知,这里表示“美国的公民”,应用形容词形式,故答案为American

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【题目】 A sign of weakness?“Sorry” is probably the most over-used word in the United Kingdom: whether they are sorry about the weather or sorry because someone else has accidently hit them. “The willingness of the English to apologize(道歉) for something they haven’t done is worthy of notice.” wrote Henry Hitchings in his aptly–titled Sorry!:

The English and their Manners.

So what about those situations when we realize that we really need to apologize to someone? Is it better to put aside your pride and say you’re sorry, or – as the American actor John Wayne put it – is apologising a sign of weakness?

“People worry that an apology may tell others that you have just done something wrong, rather than as an effort to understand the wronged party’s situation, problems, and feelings,” says Harvard Business School’s Alison Wood Brooks. But she adds, “A good apology is unlikely to have the opposite bad result, and is more likely to increase trust than not apologizing at all.”

As for how to do it, Edwin Battistella, a language expert from Southern Oregon University has the following advice: “The right way to apologize is the way your mother taught you.” Say you threw a stone at a cousin. “She’d have you go and look at them in the eye and say: ‘I’m sorry I threw the stone at you and I won’t do it again’. It’s important to name what you did wrong, to show yourself as being sorry in some way and to promise what might be different in the future,” Battistella says.

Just how many times you’ll need to repeat the apology may be different according to where you live. Wood Brooks and Harvard PhD student Grant Donnelly have collected data that suggests that, for a small mistake, the best number is a single “I’m sorry”. “If it is a big mistake, then making two apologies seems tobe the magic number for expressing empathy (同理心), getting back trust and liking,” Wood Brooks says. Ofcourse, if you’re British, you may need to double that. “A single ‘sorry’ does not count as an apology: we have to repeat it and embellish it with a lot of words, like terribly, truly etc.” says Professor Fox.

1From paragraph 1, we know that .

A.English people never say sorry for things they haven’t done

B.it’s unusual to say sorry about the weather in England

C.it’s common for English people to say sorry to others

D.English people are often hit by others accidently

2Wood Brooks may agree with that apologizing _.

A.is a sign of weaknessB.will make people feel more nervous

C.may have some bad resultsD.may help people trust each other more

3The underlined word “embellish” probably means .

A.break downB.compare with

C.look forward toD.make more attractive

4The last paragraph is mainly talking about .

A.the steps of making apologiesB.the best ways of apologizing

C.the right words for apologizingD.the importance of apologizing

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