Question

【题目】

Homeless people face a lot of challenges, such as not having enough to eat and no job opportunities. Some of the most basic challenges, however, are not having clean water and toiletries (卫生用品) — a big problem for homeless teens. That encouraged a young researcher to invent a multi-purpose product to help these teens.

"I was born into a life of volunteering," said 13-year-old Leia Gluckman. And that’s true. Her mom is a president of an organization providing help for homeless teens. Leia and her brother have volunteered there for years. When she was a young girl, Leia helped serve food where teens were eating. Now she’s a teenager herself, and she’s managing the toiletry and clothing work there.

From her work at the center, Leia noticed that teens asked for some toiletries more than others. What they needed most often were toothpaste, body powder (粉) and shampoo (洗发水). Leia wondered whether she could create a product to serve all three purposes.

It would need to take away dirt and oil from skin and hair. It would need to clean teeth. Also, it would need to kill bacteria (病菌) without being harmful to people. She wanted her ingredients (产品成分) to be natural, to be able to break down easily and to taste and smell pleasant. Moreover, this product had to be low-cost and have a long shelf life.

Leia started by going to stores and looking at the ingredient lists for toiletries. Then she tried eight different ways. She tested each way to see how well it worked.

Not all of them worked well. But she finally decided on three. Each includes salt and baking powder. Salt helps clean teeth and skin; baking powder helps take in bad smells. She also has some other recipes which include some special materials that give her products different tastes and smells, which would let teens choose a product based on personal preferences.

It wasn’t easy, but Leia came up with some model products. She presented them at the finals of Broadcom MASTERS science competition.

Leia wants to develop her products further. "Could it possibly be used to drive away mosquitoes (蚊子)?" she wonders.

"Science offers a way to go about solving problems and helping people," says Leia. And she thinks her products could benefit a great number of people, not just the homeless. Anyone in an area with little or no chance to get clean water could find her products useful, maybe refugees (难民) and soldiers who are sent to places without running water.

【1】What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?

A. Leia has lived a life of volunteering for years.

B. Leia and her brother helped their mom for years.

C. Leia was born in a great family of volunteering.

D. Leia’s mom set up an organization for homeless teens.

【2】Leia’s products meet homeless people’s needs mostly because ___________.

A. they are cheap and natural

B. they can offer personal choices

C. they are used to drive away mosquitoes

D. they can serve three purposes with little water

【3】According to the passage, we know that ___________.

A. Leia invented the product in order to win the MASTERS competition

B. Leia’s invention came from her will to create and to help others

C. The family influence played a decisive role in Leia’s invention

D. Leia believed that science could help solve problems easily

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】D

【3】B

【解析】

文章大意：本文是一篇社会文化类阅读，属于记叙文，主要讲述了无家可归者的个人卫生状况不佳，使得Leia发明了一个产品。文中详细介绍了Leia发明产品的过程及对产品的展望。

【1】本题考查段落主旨。第二段第一句话说到“我一出生就和志愿者活动紧紧地联系在一起。”本段第四、五句说到“Leia和她的哥哥已经从事志愿者活动很多年了。当她还是个小女孩的时候，她就在青少年吃饭的地方，帮助供应食物。”本段主要讲述的是小女孩的志愿者活动经历。选项A译为“Leia已经从事志愿者服务很多年。”B选项译为“Leia和她的哥哥帮助妈妈很多年。”选项C译为“Leia 出生在一个了不起的从事志愿者活动的家庭。”选项D译为“Leia的妈妈建立了一个(帮助)无家可归少年的组织。”选项B和选项C以偏概全，选项D主语是妈妈而不是Leia，故正确答案为选项A。

【2】本题考查细节题。题干说到“Leia的产品极大地满足了无家可归的人的需求，因为____。”通过product可以定位到文章第三段最后一句话“Leia想她是否能够创造一个产品能够满足以上三个目的。”文章的最后一段第三句说到“几乎没有机会获得干净的水的任何人都能够发现她的产品是有用的...”所以说Leia的产品可以用一点点水就能够满足三个需求。故正确答案为选项D。

【3】本题考查推断题。读完文章我们知道Leia是致力于志愿者活动，并且愿意帮助无家可归甚至更多人解决缺水带来的不便。选项A “Leia发明的产品是为了参加MASTERS竞赛”。这与主旨不符。选项B “Leia的发明来自于创造和帮助他人的愿望。”与主旨相符。选项C“家庭影响在Leia的发明中扮演了决定性的角色。”本文主要突出的是Leia的创新，家庭影响并不起决定性作用。选项D“Leia 认为科学能够轻松的帮助解决问题。”在文章最后一段第一句“我们能够看到科学提供了解决问题和帮助他人的方法。”但是并没有提到“轻松地解决问题”。故正确答案为选项B。