It is a cold and dry winter morning. When you wake up, you feel that your throat hurts. You begin to sneeze and later you may cough, you must have a cold! Wait a moment. Could it just be a common cold or the flu(流感) that’s been going around?

A cold gives you runny nose and cough. But it’s usually easy to deal with. Some take medicine while others drink herbal tea or chicken soup. Usually you feel better after a week.

On the other hand, the flu can be much more dangerous. It usually gives you fever. Sometimes it can cause death. According to an American magazine, the worst flu killed about 50 million people from 1918 to1919.

Don’t worry. If you get a flu vaccine(疫苗), it can stop you from getting the virus(病毒). Flu vaccines work by giving the body a small amount of flu viruses. This causes your body to develop antibodies(抗体) .So next time you get the flu , the antibodies should help you.

The flu virus changes every few years. Therefore, there are so many types of flu, such as H1N1 and H5N1. The antibodies for one type of flu can’t help us against all types of flu. That’s why we need to get the vaccine every year.

However, good health habits may also help stop you developing a cold or flu. Washing your hands often help stop you from getting viruses. It is also important to get regular exercise and eat healthy food. All these can help you strengthen your immune system(增强免疫系统).

1.If you have a common cold, usually you’ll feel better after ______.

A. a week B. two weeks

C. ten days D. twenty days

2.According to the passage, which is TRUE of the flu?

A. It first happened in 1919.

B. It usually doesn’t give you fever.

C. It is easy to deal with

D. It can kill people sometimes.

3.If you get a flu vaccine, _______ .

A. it can’t stop you from getting the flu virus.

B. it won’t cause your body to develop antibodies.

C. your body will develop antibodies.

D. your body will get a large amount of flu viruses.

4.We need to get a flu vaccine every year because _____.

A. we probably have a cold in winter.

B. the flu virus changes every few years.

C. the flu is very dangerous.

D. you don’t need to take any medicine after that.

5.The following ways can help stop the flu EXCEPT ______.

A. staying indoors B. getting regular exercise

C. eating healthy food D. washing our hands often

If you are lost in the mountains, stay calm in the face of darkness, loneliness, and the unknown. It will greatly increase your chances of survival (生存). Many people think that preparing necessary equipment and knowing how to use it are very important, but actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear.

Find a hiding place

Unnecessary labor will make you sweat and make you cold. Find a hiding place around you before trying to start your own construction. If you are in a snow-covered area, you may be able to dig a cave in deep snow for protection from the wind. You should try to hide yourself in the middle of the mountain if possible. Stay out of the valleys-cold air falls, and the valley floor can be the coldest area on the mountain.

Signal for help

The best time to signal is during the day. Signal for help from the highest point possible-it will be easier for rescuers to see you, and any sound you make will travel farther. If you take a box of matches and a space blanket (a special blanket for traveling), build three smoky fires and put your blanket-gold side facing out on the ground.

Do not walk away

It will make finding you more difficult, as search teams will be trying to follow your path and may miss you if you have gone off in a different direction. Searchers often end up finding a car with no one in it.

If you get frostbite (冻伤), do not rewarm the affected area until you're out of danger.

You can walk on frostbitten feet, but once you warm the area and can feel the pain, you will not want to walk anywhere. Try to protect the frostbitten area and keep it dry until you are rescued.

1.When lost in the mountains, you can increase your chances of survival if you_____.

A. take a space blanket with you

B. do more physical labor

C. try to find a car immediately

D. walk as far as possible to find help

2.According to the passage, people most probably fail to survive if they _____.

A. do not take enough equipment

B. stay in the middle of the mountain

C. do not keep themselves warm

D. stay in a snow-covered area

3.What can we infer from the passage?

A. Don't travel by yourself.

B. Mountain traveling is dangerous.

C. Don't get frightened in danger.

D. Avoid going to unfamiliar places.

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