Winston Churchill was born on 30 November 1874, in Blenheim Palace near Oxford. He was Britain’s prime minister for most of World War II. He was famous for his speeches. He never gave up even when things were going badly. People all over the world remember Churchill as a war leader. He loved history and in his life he made history.

Wars and adventures

In order to be a soldier in the cavalry (装甲部队), Winston went to the army college at Sandhurst in 1893. 1895 was a sad year. His father died. Winston went to America and Cuba. He started writing for newspapers about his adventures (冒险经历). In 1898, he went as a newspaper reporter to South Africa. He came home as a hero. In 1900, he was chosen as a member of Parliament (议会). In 1911 he became the chief leader of the Royal Navy. At this time, Britain had the world’s biggest navy.

In 1914, World War I began. But in 1915 his plan for an attack on Turkey went badly wrong. Churchill himself decided to fight in France as a soldier.

By 1917 he was back in the government. He was excited by the new tanks. Tanks helped win the war by 1918.

World War II began in 1939. In May 1940, Winston Churchill became the British prime minister. Churchill used radio to tell the world Britain was not beaten. His speeches helped keep up people’s spirits. “We shall never give up,” he once said. Churchill led his people through the fight of Britain and the Blitz. Everywhere he went he gave the “V for Victory” sign. The war in Europe was over in May 1945. People cheered Churchill. He stood with the King and Queen.

Churchill’s last years

Churchill kept busy. He wrote books and made speeches. He went back to 10 Downing Street as a prime minister. At that time he was 76.

In 1953, Churchill was given the Nobel Prize for Literature, for his history books.

Churchill passed away on 24 January 1965. Many world leaders came to his state funeral (葬礼). People lined the streets and lots of them couldn’t stop crying. Many famous British people are buried in Westminster Abbey or St Paul’s Cathedral. But Churchill’s grave (坟墓) is in a country churchyard near Oxford.

Winston Churchill —— a great British prime minister

General introduction

● One of the most famous people in Britain.

● Be 1. by people around the world as a war leader.

Wars and adventures

1893-1911

● In 1893, he studied at an army college because he2. to be a solider in the cavalry.

● In 1895, he began to write articles for 3. after his father’s death.

● In 1911, he was the leader of the world’s biggest navy.

During the World War I

● His plan to attack Turkey 4. .

● Later he became a solider to fight in France.

● He led his country through the war because of 5.new tanks.

During the World War II

● In 1940, he became a prime minister.

● He made speeches to 6. people not to give up.

● The war in Europe 7. in 1945 and he was cheered by people as a hero in the country.

Churchill’s

8. years

● He still kept busy and 9. to 10 Downing Street as a prime minister at 76.

● At the age of ninety-one, he passed away and left his people great10. .

I am a professor of sports and exercise so I often deal with nervousness in my research with sports people.Actually, most people experience nervousness at some time or another.

If you are feeling anxious, my advice is to first find the cause or causes.Make s list of those things that are making you nervous and work out which ones you can do something about.Focus all of your efforts on managing the causes that you can control.

Most people cannot tell the difference between controllable(可控制的) and uncontrollable causes, so things they can’t control become a big reason for nervousness.Dealing with this is very important if people want to keep a healthy mind.

Simply try to accept the uncontrollable causes of nervousness.You might be worried about the weather on a big day, an accident or an attack on the train, or perhaps just things that other people are doing at work.The results may be very important but there is still no use worrying because you can’t control any of these things.Accept that you can’t control everything.Once you understand this, it becomes easier not to worry.

If a situation, such as swimming, is causing you to be anxious, try to face it as often as possible so that you can get used to it.

It can often help to think about yourself doing the thing that make s you nervous—then close your eyes and imagine it going well.Imagine how the flight or job interview is going to happen so that you can get used to it.This will help you understand that the thing you fear most is probably not going to happen.

1.The writer thinks there is no use worrying about some causes of nervousness because_____.

A.most are not very important

B.they are not the real causes of the problem

C.they cannot be controlled by people

D.it’s better to deal with one cause at a time

2.If swimming makes you nervous, what should you do according to the writer?

A.Go swimming often to get used to it.

B.Avoid going to the swimming pool.

C.Find a swimming teacher.

D.Imagine watching others swim.

3.What is true about nervousness according to the passage?

A.It usually has only one cause.

B.It is usually caused by people.

C.People can easily manage it.

D.Most people suffer from it.

4.What is the main purpose of this passage?

A.To introduce the writer’s sports experience.

B.To advise on how to deal with nervousness.

C.To help people remember their fears.

D.To explain the dangers of nervousness.

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