Question

【题目】 Everyone has traits (特性) that make us who we are. We have physical traits, like red hair, long legs and funny-looking toes. We also have character traits including humor, warmth, creativity and so on.

Certain physical traits are fully inherited (遗传), such as blue eyes and knobby knees. About 25,000 to 35,000 genes (基因) are in a single cell in the human body. These genes carry the traits that are passed down genetically from parents to their children.

Many traits exist between inheritance and development — the interaction with environment. One example is body shape. It tends to be passed down from parents. But once diet becomes a factor, environment begins to play an important role in how the body develops. Body shape is a trait that is a mixture of inheritance from parents and influence of environment.

So lots of our most important traits have been learned, rather than inherited. For example, if you’re really great at video games, it’s not because your parents passed down the skills in genes. It’s because you have practiced a lot of video games and developed those skills yourself. If you have kids who turn out to be great at video games, it is because they put in the hours, learned the skills, and memorized the moves that are necessary to play the video games well.

Of course, some of us have brains that are more advantageous to video game playing. Say you were born with a large and powerful part of the brain that controls your hand-eye coordination. That is inherited. What you do with it, how you choose to develop that advantage, is up to you.

You can pierce your nose or get a tattoo (纹身) — it doesn’t matter how much you change your body during the lifetime. None of those things will turn into genetic material to be passed down to the next generation. However, if your children grow up in an environment with role models who are pierced and covered in tattoos, they are more likely to get piercings and tattoos!

【1】 is a physical trait that is fully inherited.

A.The eye colorB.The special diet

C.The body shapeD.The pierced nose

【2】What does the underlined word “That ” refer to ?

A.Video game playing.B.Advantageous brains.

C.The shape of your brain.D.Your hand-eye coordination.

【3】According to the passage, the writer believes that .

A.character traits can hardly change during the lifetime

B.the skills of video game playing are passed down to kids

C.a kid’s hand-eye coordination isn’t related to inheritance

D.environment plays an important role in traits development

【4】Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A.Why are Traits Important?B.How does Inheritance Influence Traits?

C.Where do Traits Come from?D.What are Physical and Character Traits?

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】D

【3】D

【4】C

【解析】

本文主要说明了人的特性是怎样形成的，有遗传，也有周围环境的影响。

【1】细节理解题。根据“Certain physical traits are fully inherited (遗传), such as blue eyes and knobby knees.”可知眼睛的颜色是可以遗传的。故选A。

【2】词义推断题。That是指代上文中的事物，根据“Say you were born with a large and powerful part of the brain that controls your hand-eye coordination.”可知你出生的时候就有一个很强大的大脑，可以使你的手眼协调。可推测这种手眼协调是可以遗传的，因此That指代的是“Your hand-eye coordination.”。故选D。

【3】细节理解题。根据“So lots of our most important traits have been learned, rather than inherited.”可知人的很多特性是后天会学习、改变的，而不是靠遗传，因此A选项是错误的；根据“if you're really great at video games, it's not because your parents passed down the skills in genes”可知你玩游戏厉害并不是父母遗传给你的，因此B选项是错误的；根据“Say you were born with a large and powerful part of the brain that controls your hand-eye coordination. That's inherited”可知手眼协调是遗传的，因此C选项是错误的；根据“But once diet becomes a factor, environment begins to play an important role in how the body develops.”可知环境在人的特性发展中起重要作用，因此D选项是正确的。故选D。

【4】主旨大意题。通读全文知整篇文章都在围绕人的特性是怎么形成的，有遗传，有的是受环境的影响。并给我们举例说明那些是遗传，那些受环境的影响，并没有提到特性的重要性、遗传对特性的影响和身体与性格的特性。故选C。