With more and more cars on the road, traffic jams (堵车) are inevitable. Traffic jams can lead to more accidents as there are more cars, with more people trying to get to their destination, all the while getting worse. Although it’s impossible to avoid traffic jams altogether, there are some tips you can follow to reduce the amount of time on the road.

Check for traffic jams before you leave. You can listen to the radio for traffic news, or check on the Internet to get up-to-minute information on traffic. If the route you want to take is heavy with traffic, you can choose another.

Look for a different route all the time. Most traffic jams happen on busy roads. Using country roads could avoid a lot of traffic. Although the distance you may have to travel is further, it can work out quicker.

Set your car radio to receive traffic bulletins. Many new car stereo systems (汽车音响系统) are equipped with a radio system by which you can hear the traffic channel. This way you can get the latest traffic information and change your journey if necessary.

__________. Most traffic jams usually occur(发生) during rush hour, so try to avoid this time period if possible. Some jobs offer flexible working hours so that you can travel to work outside of rush hour. Some jobs even allow you to work at home so as to avoid moving altogether. Ask your manager to see what you can do if traffic is a problem for you.

Use public transport instead. The easiest way to avoid traffic jams is to take buses or the underground instead of driving your own car. Not only will you avoid traffic jams but you will most likely be saving money.

1.How many suggestions are there mentioned to reduce

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2.Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.

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3.Which of the following can be put in the blank in the text? (no more than 8 words)

____________________________________________.

4.How can you get the latest traffic information? (List at least two ways)

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5.What might be the best title for this passage?

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CHICAGO- Have you ever worked on your laptop computer with it sitting on your lap, heating up your legs? If so, you might want to rethink that habit from now on. Doing it a lot can lead to “toasted skin syndrome (症状)”, an unusual-looking spotted skin condition caused by long-term heat exposure (暴露), according to medical reports.

In one recent case, a 12-year-old boy from California developed a skin discoloration on his left lap after playing computer games a few hours every day for several months. “He recognized that the laptop got hot on the left side; however, he did not change its position,” Swiss researches reported in an article published Monday in the journal Pediatrics.

Another similar case is a Virginia law student who needed treatment for the spotted darkening on her leg. Dr. Kimberley Salkey, who treated the young woman, learned the student spent about six hours a day working with her computer placed on her lap. As Dr. Salkey later learnt, the temperature under the laptop could reach 51 degrees. That case, from 2007, is one of 10 laptop-related cases reported in medical journals in the past six years.

The condition can also be caused by overuse of heating pads (垫子) and other heat sources that usually aren’t hot enough to cause burns. It’s generally harmless but can also cause such permanent (永久的) skin darkening. In very rare cases, it can cause damage leading to skin cancers, said the Swiss researchers, Drs. Andreas Arnold and Peter Itin from University Hospital Basel. They do not mention any skin cancer cases linked to laptop use, but suggest, to be safe, placing a carrying case under the laptop if you have to hold it on your lap.

Dr. Kimberley Salkey said that under the microscope, the affected skin is similar to skin damaged by long-term sun exposure.

Major producers including Apple and Dell warn against placing laptops on laps or exposed skin for long periods of time because of the risks for burns. In the past, “toasted skin syndrome” has happened to workers whose jobs require being close to a heat source, including bakers and glass blowers, and in people who gathered near hot stoves to stay warm.

Dr. Anthony J. Mancini, chief at Children’s Memorial Hospital in Chicago, said that it’s unlikely that computer use would lead to cancer since it’s so easy to avoid close skin contact (接触) with laptops.

1.According to the passage, “toasted skin syndrome” can be caused by all the following EXCEPT ______.

A. being close to a heat source or hot stoves B. long period of direct contact to hot laptop

C. using one’s laptop with a carrying case D. overuse of heating pad and other heat sources

2.The underlined word “discoloration” in the 2nd paragraph refers to ______.

A. spot B. darkening C. sunburn D. heat

3.It can be learnt from the passage that laptop users ______.

A. should avoid close skin contact with laptops

B. are likely to develop a certain kind of cancer

C. have known much about the harm of laptop heating

D. should go to see the doctor at once

4.Some computer producers warn against placing laptops on laps for long periods of time because of ______.

A. the risk for burns B. the risk of dropping

C. the risk of breaking D. the protection of back bone

5.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? ______.

A. Laptop is Dangerous B. Skin Damage is Possible

C. A Bad Habit D. No laps for Warm Laptops

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