Question

【题目】 The 21st century discoveries about the human brain and its functioning have showed the surprising fact that human abilities are not fixed at birth. In other words, what you are able to do with your life is not fixed when you are born. It is not all in the genes( 基 因 ). It is not just nature: nurture(教育, 培育) plays an important part in the moulding(塑造) of what a person is, and what he/she can be.

Brain plasticity(可塑性) or neuroplasticity(神经可塑性) refers to the amazing ability of the human brain to modify(修改) its structure and functions according to the changes within the body and/or in the outer environment.

In his book “The Brain that Changes Itself” psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Norman Doidge, M.D., offers an introduction to the great scientists strongly supporting neuroplasticity and the people whose lives they’ve changed. The book describes real life stories of stroke( 中 风 ) patients learning to speak again, and the amazing story of a woman born with half a brain that restructured itself to work as a whole. It is a book that changes the way we think about our brain, its nature, and its potential(潜能).

The genes we receive from our parents are finite(有限的), no doubt about that. However, our brain’s ability to develop is infinite. New brain cells are being born all the time, and to keep them alive and growing, we have to stimulate(刺激) them.

Here lies the promise of neuroplasticity in the moulding of children into adults who are capable of realizing their potential. For genius is nothing but a human being who has realized his/her inborn potential! What Mozart, Einstein and da Vinci had was inborn potential plus(和，外加) the right environment.

All geniuses started life in exactly the same way. They had parents who supported the development of their individual gifts and talents. They had the right environment and stimuli(刺激， 刺激物) that led to the best development of themselves.

You can think about your child’s gifts as the merging(融合的) colours of a rainbow. The

possibilities are endless. All children are born with three natural abilities that provide them with the potential to think like a genius: the abilities to think, to learn and to develop their own individual way of thinking and learning.

Can your child be a genius? Yes, he/she can be, if you give him/her the right environment, the right stimuli and the right guidance.

【1】What does the human brain modify when the outer environment changes?

A.The world.B.The stimuli.

C.Its colour.D.Its structure and functions.

【2】Which statement is true according to the passage?

A.Human abilities are fixed when they were born.

B.A stroke patient can never learn to speak again.

C.Nurture can mould of what a person is because our brain has its nature and potential.

D.The genes we receive from our parents completely decide what we can do or can’t do.

【3】What’s the main idea of Paragraph 7?

A.Discovering the time your child can be a genius.

B.Discovering the gifts and talents of your child.

C.Discovering the reason your child wants to be a genius.

D.Discovering the colour of the natural abilities of your child.

【4】Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A.Is your child a genius?B.Can your child be a genius?

C.Do you want to be a genius?D.Is it important to be a genius?

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】B

【4】B

【解析】

本文介绍了人类的能力并不是与生俱来的，而是在外界环境的影响下，大脑会改变它的结构和功能，所以如果你给予孩子正确的环境，正确的引导，你的孩子也会成为一个天才。

【1】

细节理解题。根据Brain plasticity or neuroplasticity refers to the amazing ability of the human brain to modify its structure and functions according to the changes within the body and/or in the outer environment，可知，在外部环境发生变化时，人脑会改变其结构和功能。故选D。

【2】

推理判断题。根据The 21st century discoveries about the human brain and its functioning have showed the surprising fact that human abilities are not fixed at birth，可知，人类的能力并不是与生俱来的，所以A选项错误。根据The book describes real life stories of stroke patients learning to speak again，可知，中风的患者可以再学着说话，所以B选项错误。根据Here lies the promise of neuroplasticity in the moulding of children into adults who are capable of realizing their potential，可知，后天培养可以塑造一个人，因为大脑有自己的本质和潜力。根据It is not all in the genes及The genes we receive from our parents are finite，可知，我们从父母遗传的基因是有限的，他们并不能完全决定我们可以做什么或不可以做什么，所以D选项错误。故选C。

【3】

主旨大意题。根据You can think about your child’s gifts as the merging(融合的) colours of a rainbow. The possibilities are endless“你可以把孩子的天赋想象成彩虹的颜色，存在无限的可能性”，可知，本段主要讲述了孩子的天赋存在无限的可能，我们要善于去发觉。故选B。

【4】

最佳标题。根据Can your child be a genius及通读全文，可知，本文通过介绍人类的能力不是与生俱来的，人类的大脑在外界环境影响下会改变它的结构和功能，而引出本文的宗旨：你的孩子可以成为天才吗？并给出了相应的解答，只要你给予孩子正确的环境，适当的刺激，正确的引导，孩子可以成为天才。所以最适合本文的标题是“你的孩子可以成为天才吗”。故选B。