题目内容

【题目】地球仪是为了便于认识地球,人们仿造地球的形状,按照一定的比例缩小,制作的地球的模型。请根据地球仪相关知识,完成下面小题。

【1】在地球仪上,纬线是

A.指示南北方向B.与地轴垂直的半圆

C.长度不相等的圆圈D.全球可以划分出十条纬线

【2】若要使房子周围的门窗都朝南,房子只能建在

A.赤道上B.北极点上C.南极点上D.本初子午线上

【3】东、西半球的划分是以

A.20°E和160°W的经线圈划分B.0°纬线圈划分

C.0°和180°经线圈划分D.20°W和160°E经线圈划分

【4】本初子午线是

A.南北纬度的分界线B.南北半球的分界线

C.东西经度的分界线D.东西半球的分界线

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】D

【4】C

【解析】

纬线是在地球仪上,顺着东西方向,环绕地球仪一周的圆圈,用符号E表示,所有的纬线都相互平行,并与经线垂直,纬线指示东西方向。纬线圈的大小不等,赤道为最大的纬线圈,从赤道向两极纬线圈逐渐缩小,到南、北两极缩小为点。经线是垂直纬线的半圆,用符号W表示,所有纬线长度都相等。东西半球分界线是20°W和160°E组成的经线圈。南北半球的划分是以0°纬线即赤道为界。本初子午线是一条特殊的经线,其经度是0°,该线以东是东经,以西是西经;本初子午线是一条穿过英国格林尼治天文台旧址的经线。

【1】纬线是在地球仪上,顺着东西方向,环绕地球仪一周的圆圈。指示东西方向,纬线圈的大小不等,赤道为最大的纬线圈,从赤道向两极纬线圈逐渐缩小,到南、北两极缩小为点。在地球仪上,能画出无数条纬线。
故选:C。

【2】南极点位于地球的最南端,它的四面八方是北方;北极点位于地球的最北端,它的四面八方是南方,若要使房子周围的门窗都朝南,房子只能建在北极点上,故B正确。
故选:B。

【3】东西半球的划分是以20°W和160°E组成的经线圈为界,东半球的经度范围为20°W→0°→160°E,西半球的经度范围为160°E←180°←20°W。
故选:D。

【4】赤道是南北纬度的分界线、是南北半球的分界线,本初子午线是东西经度的分界线,东西半球分界线是20°W和160°E组成的经线圈。
故选:C。

本题组主要考察经纬线的特点及重要的经纬线,牢记即可。

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