15、A man may usually be known by the books he reads ____ by the friends he keeps.

A rather than         B. as well as    C. in place of   D. as many as

14、I love ____ history because it gives me ____ knowledge of past events.

A. the; a       B a; a      C /; a      D. /; /   

13、Clouds are gathering. I think we’d better _________ the school in case it starts to rain.

A. run out　　　    B. bring up　　　   C. refer to　　　   D. head for

12、The first edition was published in1955 and _____ a best-seller ever since.

A. had been    B. will be     C. would be         D has been

11、Faced with a bill for ＄ 10,000,________.

A. John has taken an extra job         B. the boss has given john an extra job

C. an extra job has been taken         D. an extra job has been given to John

10、In area it is approximately the same size as the USA (without Alaska),____,however, has____.

A. which, more than fourteen times as many people    

B. which, fourteen times more than many people 

C. what, as fourteen times as many people        

D. where, more than fourteen times as many people

8、Long after the 2002 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still blaming the disputed（受置疑）refereeing（裁判）decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed（任命）to study the performance of some top referees.

The researcher organized an experimental match involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.

Observers noted down the referees’ errors, of which there were 61 over the match. Changed to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.

The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyze（分析）the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the best is about 20 meters.

There also seemed to be a best speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.

If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rush to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.

He also says that FIFA’S insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical（挑剔）.

1．The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to              .

A．review the decisions of referees at the 2002 World Cup

B．analyze the causes of errors made by football referees

C．set a standard of football refereeing

D．reexamine the rules for football refereeing

2．The findings of the experiment show that               .

A．errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball

B．the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors are

C．The more slowly the referee runs, the more likely errors will occur

D．errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot.

3．The underlined word “officials” most probably refers to              .

A．the researchers involved in the experiment

B．the players of the football match

C．the referees of the football match

D．the observers at the site of the experiment

4．What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?

A．The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.

B．Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.

C．A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.

D．An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.

7、There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have ever taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority(优先) it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities(复杂性) of spelling.

If spelling becomes the only focal(焦点的) point of his teacher's interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to "play safe". He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.

I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience. "This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is terrible." It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child's ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.

1. Teacher are different in their opinions about ______.

A. the difficulties in teaching spelling

B. the role of spelling in general language development

C. the complexities of the basic writing skills

D. the necessity of teaching spelling

2. The underlined expression “play safe” probably means _________.

A. to write carefully                   B. to do as teachers say

C. to use dictionaries frequently       D. to avoid using words one is not sure of

3. Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that ___________.

A. students will be able to express their ideas more freely

B. students will have more confidence in writing

C. teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakes

D. students will learn to be independent of teachers

4. The author seems to think that the teacher's judgment on that sensitive piece of writing is _________.

A. unfair     B. reasonable   C. foolish      D. careless

5. The major point discussed in the passage is ________.

A. the importance of developing writing skills

B. the complexities of spelling

C. the correct way of marking compositions

D. the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition

6、An environmental group called the Food Commission is unhappy and disappointed because of the sale of bottled water from Japan. The water, it angrily argues an public, has traveled 10,000 "food miles" before it reaches Western customers. "Transporting water halfway across the world is surely the extremely stupid use of fuel when there is plenty of water in the UK." It is also worried that we are wasting our fuel by buying prawns(对虾) from Indonesia (7,000 food miles) and carrots from South Africa (5,900 food miles).

      Counting the number of miles traveled by a product is a strange way of trying to tell the true situation of the environmental damage done by an industry. Most food is transported around the world on container ships that are extremely energy-efficient (高能效的). It should be noted that a ton of butter transported 25 miles in a truck to a farmers' market does not necessarily use less fuel on its journey than a similar product transported hundreds of miles by sea. Besides, the idea of "food miles" ignores the amount of fuel used in the production. It is possible to cut down your food miles by buying tomatoes grown in Britain rather than those grown in Ghana; the difference is that the British ones will have been raised in heated greenhouses and the Ghanaian ones in the open sun.

     What the idea of "food miles” does provide, however, is the chance to cut out Third World countries from First World food markets. The number of miles traveled by our food should, as I see it, be regarded as a sign of the success of the global (全球的) trade system, not a sign of damage to the environment.

1. The Food Commission is angry because it thinks that_______

 A. UK wastes a lot of money importing food products

 B. some imported goods cause environmental damage

 C. growing certain vegetables damages the environment

 D. people waste energy buying food from other countries

2. The phrase "food miles" in the passage refers to the distance _______.

 A. that a food product travels to a market

 B. that a food product travels from one market to another

 C. between UK and other food producing countries

 D. between a Third World country and a First World food market

3. By comparing tomatoes raised in Britain and in Ghana, the author tries to explain that ______

A. British tomatoes are healthier than Ghanaian ones

B. Ghanaian tomatoes taste better than British ones

C. cutting down food miles may not necessarily save fuel

D. protecting the environment may cost a lot of money

4. From the passage we know that the author is most probably________.

A. a supporter of free global trade

B. a member of the Food Commission

C. a supporter of First World food markets

D. a member of an energy development group