3、While parents, particularly mothers, have always been attached to their infants (婴儿)， societal conditions frequently made this attachment difficult to maintain (保持). First of all, the high infant death rate in the premodem times meant that such attachments often ended in hopelessness. Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused, a number of societal pruetices developed which worked against early attachment of mother and child.

One of these premodem  attachment-discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year. Another practice that discouraged  maternat(母亲的)attachment was tightly wrapping(包裹) infants. Wrapping effectively prevented the close physical interactions like stroking (抚摸)and kissing that are so much a part of modem mothers’ and fathers’ affection for their infants.

A third practice which had the same distancing offcet  was wet-nursing. Breast-feeding (母乳哺育)was not popular among the well-to-do in the early modern times; infants were often fed by wet nurses hired for the purpose. In some places. such as nineteenth-century France, city infants were sent to wet nurses in the country. Often a wet nurse would feed her own child first, leaving little milk for the city infunt-who. in many cases, died. In Rouen, the death rate for children sent to a wet nurse was 35 percent.

1.Babies were unnamed until they were two so that        .

A. an old social custom could be kept up

B. maternal attachment could be maintained

C. their parents would not be too sad if they died

D. their parents would not be too sad if they died

2. Why were babies wrapped?

A. To protect them from the cold.

B. To distance their mothers from them.

C. To make them feet more comfortable.

D. To make it easy for their mothers to hold them.

3. Wet nurses were women who           .

A. bubysat city infants

B. fed babies of other families

C. sent their babies to the country

D. failed to look after their babies

4. Which is the best title  for the passage?

A. Societal Conditions in Premodem Times

B. Praetices  of  Reducing Matemal Attachment

C. Poor Health Service and High Infant Death Rate

D. Differences between Modem and Premodern Parents

2、A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy foods change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at  Irvine asked volunteers to answer some questions on their personalities (个性) and fend experiences. “One  week later,” Loftus says，“We told those people we’d fed their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” Some accounts included one key additional detail (细节):“You got sick after eating strawberry ice-cream.” The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured(人为促生的) memory through leading questions-Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the mudy. Up to 41% of those given a false memory betieved strawberry ice-cream once made them sick. and many said they’d avoid eating it.

When Loftus published her findings, she started getting calls from people begging her to make them remember hating chocolate or French fries. Unfortunately, it’s not that easy. False memories appear to work only for foods you don’t cat on a regular hasis, But most important, it is likely that false memories can be implanted (准粉) only in people  who are unaware of the mental control. And lying to a patient is immoral, even if a doctor believes it’s for the patient’s benefit.

Loftus says there’s nothing to stop parents from trying it with their overweight children. “I say, wake up-parents have been lying about Father Christmas for years, and nobody seems to mind. If they can prevent diseases caused by fatness and all the other problems that come with that, you might think that’s a more moral lie. Decide that for yourself.”

1. Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions?

A. To improve her computer program.

B. To find out their attitudes towards food.

C. To find out details she can make use of.

D. To predict what food they’ll like in the future.

2. What did Loftus find out from her research?

A. People believe what the computer tells them.

B. People can be led to believe in something false.

C. People tend to forget their childhood experiences.

D. People are not always aware of their personalities.

3. According to the study, people may stop having a certain food if they        .

A. learn it is harmful for health

B. lie to themselves that they don’t want it

C. are willing to let doctors control their minds

D. think they once had a bad experience of eating it.

4. What is the biggest coneem with the method?

A. Whether it is moral.

B. Who it is best for.

C. When it is effective.

D. How it should be used.

1、情景作文

    国际文化交流中心将组织一次由各国学生参加的“和平，友爱”夏令营活动，要求报名者提交英文个人简介。假设你是王珊，请根据下列信息写一篇个人简介。

注意：1.词数不少于60。

2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

33、There is something doubt __________ he is the best man for the job.

A. whether  B. if   C. why  D. how

32、I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ________?

A. to be buying B. to buy     C. for buying     D. bought

31、You will succeed in the end ______ you give up halfway.

A. even if B. as though    C. as long as   D. unless

30、Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices.

A. are bought   B. bought   C. been bought  D.buying

29、When I got to ______ the town ought to have been, all I found was a school and a petrol station

A. where    B. wherever C. there    D. that