6、Books that Win Minds

The decision by the Whitbread judges to award its big prize to a children’s fiction, The Amber Spyglass by Philip Pullman, will have delighted parents and teachers. For Pullman is an author credited, like J.K. Rowling, with the magical power of getting children to read, creating a fictional world so fascinating that even the most stubbornly reluctant readers fall under his page-turning spell (魔力) and discover the joy of books.

The following are some of his viewpoints on reading：

?      We read for many reasons. But what all of us get from engaging with a story is what you don’t quite get with television or film. On screen the pictures do your imagining for you. When you read you have to put more into it — and what you have to put in, you get out.

?      In engaging with a book, something more active is going on in your mind because you are imagining for yourself. This is the thing that parents wish their children were doing.

?      The sense of joy and power and freedom when you can do that— that’s been lost in the national curriculum and the reading strategy. They don’t mention the fun.

?      There is a wonderful range of popular science books which are fascinating for children, who will follow a grown-up book as far as it will take them if they are fascinated by the subject.

?      I read a lot of trash, too—everybody ought to read trash. That way you don’t rely on others to develop your taste.

1. The author of the book, The Amber Spyglass is ________.

A. Whitbread       B. Philip Pullman     C. J.K. Rowling     D. We don’t know

2. According to the author, the main advantage of reading books over watching TV or film is that________.

A. reading can make people imagine something more actively

   B. reading provides more fun

   C. there are more interesting books than TV plays or films

   D. reading can make you more concentrated on your work

3. It is implied that the national curriculum and reading strategy are ________.

   A. important        B. interesting         C. terrible          D. not fascinating

4. In the last paragraph the underlined word trash most probably means________.

   A. science books     B. novels     C. books of poor quality    D. interesting books

5、In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit (押金) on beverage (饮料) containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum (铝) cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it would be buried in landfills (垃圾填埋场). The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic.

Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paintbrushes, etc.

As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life--and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials.

    Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal (处理), which, in parts of New York, amounts to saving of more than $100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims (减少) the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.

1. What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beverage containers?

A. Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles.

  B. Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling.

  C. A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling.

D. Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on  returning them.

2. The returned plastic bottles in New York used to________.

   A. end up somewhere underground                      B. be turned into raw materials

   C. have a second-life value                               D. be separated from other rubbish

3. Recycling has become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because________.

   A. local governments find it easy to manage

   B. recycling has great appeal for the jobless

   C. recycling causes little pollution

   D. other methods are more expensive

4. It can be concluded from the passage that________.

   A. rubbish is a potential remedy (补救) for the shortage of raw materials

   B. local governments in the U.S. can expect big profits from recycling

   C. recycling is to be recommended both economically and environmentally

   D. landfills will still be widely used for waste disposal

4、Exchange a glance with someone, and then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second longer and you have made a different statement. Hold it for 3 seconds, and the meaning has changed again. For every social situation, there is a permissible time that you can hold a person’s gaze without being intimate, rude, or aggressive. If you are on an elevator, what gaze-time are you permitted? To answer this question, consider what you typically do. You very likely give other passengers a quick glance to size them up（打量）and to assure them that you mean no threat. Since being close to another person signals the possibility of interaction, you need to send out a signal telling others you want to be left alone. So you cut off eye contacts what sociologist Erving Goffiman（1963）calls “a dimming of the lights”. You look down at the floor, at the indicator lights, anywhere but into another passenger’s eyes. Should you break the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person extremely uncomfortable, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.

If you hold eye contacts for more than 3 seconds, what are you telling another person? Much depends on the person and the situation. For instance, a man and a woman communicate interest in this manner. They typically gaze at each other for about 3 seconds at a time, and then drop their eyes down for 3 seconds, before letting their eyes meet again. But if one man gives another man a 3-second-plus stare, he signals, “I know you”. “I am interested in you.” or “You look peculiar and I am curious about you.” This type of stare often produces hostile feelings.

1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ________.

     A. every glance has its significance (meaning or importance)

     B. staring at a person is an expression of interest

     C. a gaze longer than 3 seconds is unacceptable

     D. a glance carries more meaning than words

2. If you want to be left alone on an elevator the best thing to do is ________.

     A. to look into another passenger’s eyes     B. to avoid eye contacts with other passengers

     C. to signal you are not a threat to anyone      D. to keep a distance from other passengers

3. By “a dimming of the lights”, Erving Goffiman means ________.

     A. closing one’s eyes                                   B. turning off the lights

     C. stopping glancing at others                       D. reducing gaze-time to the minimum.

4. The passage mainly discusses ________.

     A. the limitations of eye contacts  

     B. the exchange of ideas through eye contacts

     C. proper behavior in situations

     D. the role of eye contacts in interpersonal communication

3、The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous (巨大的) steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon (结肠). Difficult cultures are some prone to contract (易于染上) certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives (添加剂) , caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry (家禽) and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.

1. How has science done disservice(损害) to mankind?

A. Because of science, disease caused by contaminated food has been virtually done away with.

B. It has caused a lack of information, concerning the value of food.

C. As a result of scientific intervention (干涉), some potentially harmful substances have been added to our food.

D. The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables.

2. What are nitrates used for?

   A. They preserve flavor in packaged food.   B. They preserve the color of meats.

   C. They are the objects of research.                 D. They cause the animals to become fatter.

3. The underlined word carcinogenic(Line 9) means most nearly the same as ________.

   A. trouble-making           B. money-making   C. color-retaining        D. cancer-causing

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

   A. Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons.

B. Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals.

C. Researchers have known about the potential hazards (危害) of food additives for over fifty years.

   D. Food may cause forty percent of cancer in the world.

1、作为中学生，你肯定经历过多次考试，体验过成功，也遭遇过失败。请你根据下面的提示内容，简要概述中学生普遍存在的对考试失败的两种态度，并结合自身实际，说明你的观点。

注意：

1.  词数：100左右；

2.  可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

33、找出与所给单词划线部分读音相同的选项。语音知识

1champion       A. opinion      B. region       C. occasion      D. conclusion

2. mainly        A. mountainous  B. certain       C. captain       D. sail

3. wisdom       A. sunset        B. insect       C. possession     D. promise

4. volcano       A. location      B. dishonest     C. method       D. protection

5. scholarship    A. champion     B. dutchman    C. technique      D. church

32、-- I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.

-- _______good.
A. Sound        B. Sounded     C. Sounding      D. Sounds

31、I had travelled only two hours one day _____ the winds increased so much that I had to put my tent up ____ the winds became too strong.

A. when; before    B. then; but      C. while; because    D. but; before