20．"Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday？"Lindsey whispers to Tori．
With her eyes shining，Tori brags，"You bet I did，Sean told me two days ago．"
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about？It just happened to be yours truly，Adam Freedmam．I can tell you that what they are saying is not nice and not even true．Still，Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School，including me．Many of our conversations are gossip（闲话）．I have noticed three effects of gossip：it can hurt people，it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction，and it can cause social pressures in a group．
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about．Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic-breakups，trouble at home，even dropping out-that a person would rather keep secret．The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the juicier the gossip it makes．Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie．People often think of gossipers as harmless，but cruel lies can cause pain．
If we know that gossip can be harmful，then why do so many of us do it？The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us．Sharing the latest rumor （传言）can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't．Similarly，hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the"in group．"In other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority．
Gossip also can have a third effect：it strengthens unwritten，unspoken rules about how people should act．Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group．Translated into high school terms，this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said，then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention．The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook．
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation．The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip and what effects your"juicy story"might have．
With her eyes shining，Tori brags，"You bet I did，Sean told me two days ago．"
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about？It just happened to be yours truly，Adam Freedmam．I can tell you that what they are saying is not nice and not even true．Still，Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School，including me．Many of our conversations are gossip（闲话）．I have noticed three effects of gossip：it can hurt people，it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction，and it can cause social pressures in a group．
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about．Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic-breakups，trouble at home，even dropping out-that a person would rather keep secret．The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the juicier the gossip it makes．Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie．People often think of gossipers as harmless，but cruel lies can cause pain．
If we know that gossip can be harmful，then why do so many of us do it？The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us．Sharing the latest rumor （传言）can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't．Similarly，hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the"in group．"In other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority．
Gossip also can have a third effect：it strengthens unwritten，unspoken rules about how people should act．Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group．Translated into high school terms，this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said，then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention．The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook．
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation．The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip and what effects your"juicy story"might have．
| Passage outline | Supporting details |
| （71）Introductionto gossip | ●Gossip is a （72）commonphenomenon．Lindsey and Tori are not （73）alone/exceptionalwhen it comes to spreading gossip． |
| Three （74）effectsof gossip | ●Gossip can hurt the person （75）concerned/involved． ●Gossip often touches on embarrassing or shameful information，which a person prefers to keep （76）unknown/secret． |
| ●The reason why many of us spread gossip is that it makes us （77）satisfiedand gives people a sense of belonging． | |
| ●Gossip strengthens unwritten，unspoken rules about how people should act．If the people around you laugh at what John wore or what Jane said，then you will（78）avoidwearing or saying something similar． | |
| （79）Suggestions/Advice/Tipsfrom the author | ●If you have a strong desire to spread the latest news，think （80）twice/carefully． （1）Think about why you want to gossip． （2）Think about what effects your"juicy story"might have． |
19．Many universities throughout the world provide scholarships for students _____ financial aid．（ ）
| A． | in favor of | B． | in face of | C． | in honor of | D． | in need of |
18．Usually doctors are understandably ______ about new medicines because of the uncertainty of their effects．（ ）
| A． | considerate | B． | cautious | C． | logical | D． | optimistic |
17．College helps students dream of more than a salary
From the earliest days of our country，we have seen education as the foundation for democracy and citizenship．Yet high school students and families are increasingly questioning its value．Is investing in a college or university education still worth it？The answer is definitely"Yes"．
From a financial point of view，a college education surely pays off．Students who graduate from college can expect to make about 60% more than those who do not，well over a million dollars over a lifetime．Completing college makes an even greater difference to the earning power of young women．A 25-34 year-old female with a bachelor's degree can expect to make 70% more than if she had only completed her high school diploma．But what about the benefits of college that are more difficult to measure？
College is a passport to different places，different times，and different ways of thinking-from learning new languages to considering the arc of human history to diving deep into the building blocks of matter．It gives students a chance to understand themselves differently，seeing how their lives are both like and unlike those who inhabited other eras and other lands．
College introduces students to people they've never met before．One of the most important ways in which students learn at college is by interacting with people who are different from themselves．I recall one student who was admitted to Harvard but wasn't sure he would fit in at a school in the Northeast．However，one night he found himself debating the characteristics that define a genuine hero with other admitted students from around the world．Not everyone agreed，but the differences were what made the conversation exciting，and he realized how much he could learn at a place full of engaging people with a wide range of viewpoints．
College teaches students the virtue of slowing down．No one denies the value of speed，connectivity and the virtual world in an economy that thrives on all three．But"thinking"is a word that is too often forgotten．College teaches students to slow down，to change information into insight and knowing into understanding．It nurtures critical thinking．The result is that students grow in knowledge and in wisdom for a lifetime．
To conclude，investing in a college or university education is well worth it．College opens opportunities reflected in earning and employment statistics．But more importantly，in college students have acquired a new way of transforming the world，through the power of learning，analyzing，changing to adapt to what they have come to understand．
College helps students dream of more than a salary．
From the earliest days of our country，we have seen education as the foundation for democracy and citizenship．Yet high school students and families are increasingly questioning its value．Is investing in a college or university education still worth it？The answer is definitely"Yes"．
From a financial point of view，a college education surely pays off．Students who graduate from college can expect to make about 60% more than those who do not，well over a million dollars over a lifetime．Completing college makes an even greater difference to the earning power of young women．A 25-34 year-old female with a bachelor's degree can expect to make 70% more than if she had only completed her high school diploma．But what about the benefits of college that are more difficult to measure？
College is a passport to different places，different times，and different ways of thinking-from learning new languages to considering the arc of human history to diving deep into the building blocks of matter．It gives students a chance to understand themselves differently，seeing how their lives are both like and unlike those who inhabited other eras and other lands．
College introduces students to people they've never met before．One of the most important ways in which students learn at college is by interacting with people who are different from themselves．I recall one student who was admitted to Harvard but wasn't sure he would fit in at a school in the Northeast．However，one night he found himself debating the characteristics that define a genuine hero with other admitted students from around the world．Not everyone agreed，but the differences were what made the conversation exciting，and he realized how much he could learn at a place full of engaging people with a wide range of viewpoints．
College teaches students the virtue of slowing down．No one denies the value of speed，connectivity and the virtual world in an economy that thrives on all three．But"thinking"is a word that is too often forgotten．College teaches students to slow down，to change information into insight and knowing into understanding．It nurtures critical thinking．The result is that students grow in knowledge and in wisdom for a lifetime．
To conclude，investing in a college or university education is well worth it．College opens opportunities reflected in earning and employment statistics．But more importantly，in college students have acquired a new way of transforming the world，through the power of learning，analyzing，changing to adapt to what they have come to understand．
College helps students dream of more than a salary．
| Introduction | ●An increasing number of students and families begin to （71）questionthe value of college education． ●It is （72）worthwhileto invest in a college or university education． | |
| Valid （73）reasons | （74）financial aspect | ●Students with a college degree earn sixty to seventy percent more than those （75）graduatingfrom high schools． |
| Horizontal aspects | ●Students are （76）exposed to different places，times and ways of thinking and learn to understand themselves differently． ●Students also learn by （77）interacting with engaging people having a wide range of viewpoints． | |
| Virtue aspect | ●Students learn to slow down and think （78）critically，making them grow knowledgeable and （79）wise． | |
| Conclusions | ●College not only helps to raise students'earnings but also equips them with a new way to （80）transform the world． | |
16．--Can you tell me how much a day return is for Manchester with a student card？
--The next train is 46pounds but it's a none-stop one and there is no ________．（ ）
--The next train is 46pounds but it's a none-stop one and there is no ________．（ ）
| A． | reduction | B． | decline | C． | decrease | D． | drop |
15．China will enhance friendship and cooperation with all countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative ________ the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence．（ ）
| A． | for the sake of | B． | in the shape of | ||
| C． | on the basis of | D． | with the development of |
13．On the first day of school our teacher introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn't know．I stood up to look around（41）B a gentle hand touched my shoulder．
I turned（42）A to find a little old lady with a（43）D smile．She said，"Hi，handsome．My name is Rose．I'm eighty-seven years old．""Why are you in（44）C at such a YOUNG age？"I asked．She replied，"I always（45）Aof having college education and now I'm getting one!"she told me．After class we became instant friends．I was（46）D about what might have（47）Bher to be taking on this challenge at her age．
Every day we would talk non-stop after class．I always（48）C listening to this"time machine"as she（49）A her wisdom and（50）B with me．And Rose（51）D made friends wherever she went．At the end of the term we invited Rose to make a little speech．She cleared her（52）C and began，"We do not stop playing because we are old； we grow old because we（53）B playing．I've learned a few secrets to staying（54）A，being happy，and achieving（55）D．You have to（56）C and find humor every day．You've got to have a（57）B．When you lose your dreams，you die．"She（58）D her speech by courageously singing"The Rose"．She challenged each of us to study and live in our daily life．At the year's end she got the college（59）C she had longed for all those years．One week after（60）A Rose died peacefully in her sleep．
0 142627 142635 142641 142645 142651 142653 142657 142663 142665 142671 142677 142681 142683 142687 142693 142695 142701 142705 142707 142711 142713 142717 142719 142721 142722 142723 142725 142726 142727 142729 142731 142735 142737 142741 142743 142747 142753 142755 142761 142765 142767 142771 142777 142783 142785 142791 142795 142797 142803 142807 142813 142821 151629
I turned（42）A to find a little old lady with a（43）D smile．She said，"Hi，handsome．My name is Rose．I'm eighty-seven years old．""Why are you in（44）C at such a YOUNG age？"I asked．She replied，"I always（45）Aof having college education and now I'm getting one!"she told me．After class we became instant friends．I was（46）D about what might have（47）Bher to be taking on this challenge at her age．
Every day we would talk non-stop after class．I always（48）C listening to this"time machine"as she（49）A her wisdom and（50）B with me．And Rose（51）D made friends wherever she went．At the end of the term we invited Rose to make a little speech．She cleared her（52）C and began，"We do not stop playing because we are old； we grow old because we（53）B playing．I've learned a few secrets to staying（54）A，being happy，and achieving（55）D．You have to（56）C and find humor every day．You've got to have a（57）B．When you lose your dreams，you die．"She（58）D her speech by courageously singing"The Rose"．She challenged each of us to study and live in our daily life．At the year's end she got the college（59）C she had longed for all those years．One week after（60）A Rose died peacefully in her sleep．
| 41．A．until | B．when | C．while | D．though |
| 42．A．around | B．away | C．up | D．down |
| 43．A．false | B．cold | C．frozen | D．warm |
| 44．A．class | B．school | C．university | D．kindergarten |
| 45．A．dreamed | B．spoke | C．heard | D．complained |
| 46．A．frightened | B．embarrassed | C．shocked | D．curious |
| 47．A．forbidden | B．encouraged | C．warned | D．allowed |
| 48．A．disliked | B．stopped | C．enjoyed | D．continued |
| 49．A．shared | B．exchanged | C．linked | D．left |
| 50．A．skill | B．experience | C．gifts | D．belongings |
| 51．A．possibly | B．hardly | C．never | D．easily |
| 52．A．bag | B．teeth | C．throat | D．desk |
| 53．A．enjoy | B．stop | C．start | D．try |
| 54．A．young | B．old | C．strong | D．delighted |
| 55．A．fame | B．award | C．reward | D．success |
| 56．A．shout | B．cry | C．laugh | D．weep |
| 57．A．plan | B．dream | C．bet | D．lecture |
| 58．A．criticized | B．began | C．praised | D．concluded |
| 59．A．entrance | B．expectation | C．degree | D．permission |
| 60．A．graduation | B．class | C．school | D．supper |