2、 语法性的倒装
A→各种疑问句的倒装
例:1)Are you against the plan?
2)What do you like best?
●注意:但如果主语是由一个疑问词表示的或修饰的,语序不变。
例:1)Who did it? (疑问词who是主语,语序不变仍为主语who+谓语did)
2)How many students in your school joined the army ?
(分析:主语students由how many修饰,语序不变。)
B→there be句型中的倒装
在此句型中,主语总是在谓语之后,无论是在陈述句中还是疑问句中。
例:1)There were no school or hospitals there before.
2)Is there any ink in the bottle?
C→直接引语中的倒装
a. 直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时,它的主语(说话人)和谓语(引述动词)常要倒装。
b. 但当主语是代词或谓语动词含有助动词时,一般不倒装。
c. 另外,如果谓语比主语长,或是它后面有宾语时,一般也不倒装。
例:1)“Will you please carry it for you”? said the old man
2)“Please do me a favour”, he said.
3)“He is a liar. You can’t trust him.” said Tom.
4)“I am hungry”,she had said.
D→省略if的虚拟语气条件句中的倒装
If引导的虚拟语气,条件句中如含有助动词were, should和had时,可以使用倒装。
句型:were/should/had+主语+……
=if+主语+were/should/had……
当if省略时,助动词were, should和had要倒装到主语前去;而if不省略时,主语和助动词用正常语序。
例:1)Were you a fish, the cat would eat you.
=If you were a fish, the cat would eat you.
2)Should it rain tomorrow, I shall stay at home.
=If it should rain tomorrow, I shall stay at home.
3)Had you my troubles, you would despair.
=If you had my troubles, you would despair.
E→so,nor,neither用于句首时的倒装
当so,nor,neither用于句首,说明前面一句话中谓语表示的情况也适用于另外一个人或物时,句子要用倒装。
|
含义 |
用法 |
倒装句型 |
so |
也 |
用于肯定句 |
So+be(have;助动词或情态动词)+主语 |
nor/ neither |
也不,也没有 |
用于否定句 |
Neither/nor+be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语 |
例:1) A: I have had my breakfast.
B: So have I.
2)A: Li Ming can speak three languages.
B: So can I.
3)A: Will you go home this weekend?
B: After that we never saw her again.
4)After that we never saw her again, nor did we hear from her.
F→as 引导的让步状语从句中的倒装
形容词 名词(不带冠词) |
+as+主语+系动词be,主语+动词
副词/实义动词 +as+主语+动词,主语+动词
分别叙述如下:
句型一:形容词+as+主语+系动词be
例:1)Young as he is,he knows a lot of things.
=Although/though he is young, he knows a lot of things.
=He is young but he knows a lot of things.
句型二:名词(不带冠词)+as+主语+系动词be
例:1)King as he is,he is unhappy.
=Although/though he is a king, he is unhappy.
=He is a king, but he is unhappy.
2)Scientist as she is, she wants to learn more.
=Although she is a scientist, she wants to learn more.
句型三:副词+as+主语+动词
1)Much as I like it, I won’t buy it.
=Although/though I like it much, I won’t buy it.
=I like it much, but I won’t buy it.
2)Fast as you run, you can’t catch up with him.
句型四:实义动词+as+主语+助动词
1)Try as she does, she will never find it.
=She tries but she will never find it.
2)Search as they could, they could find no sign of the boy.
▲3.修辞性的倒装(常考内容)
除了语法性倒装之外,有些倒装是由于修辞的原因而采用的,叫做修辞性倒装。
A→否定词放在句首时的倒装
句型:否定词+助动词/be动词+主语
▲常见放在句首的否定词
By no means, in no case, in no way, on no consideration,
under no circumstances, in no circumstances 表示决不
barely 简直没有 hardly 几乎不 scarcely 几乎不
never 从不 rarely 很少 little 几乎没有;一点也不
seldom 很少 only 只有 not 不,没有
not…until… 直到…才… nowhere 没有地方,无处
not a bit 一点也不 not only…but also… 不但…而且…
例:1)Barely does he have enough money to live on.
=He barely has enough money to live on.
2) By no means is translation easy.
=Translation is by no means easy.
3)Little did I think that I would lose the game.
=I didn’t think at all that I would lose the game.
(注:这里not at all=little 译为:一点也不)
在上面表格所列到的否定词中,有几个词是强调两个动作的紧密相接,说明如下:
a. hardly…when… 一…就…
例:Hardly did he see me when he ran away.
=As soon as he saw me, he ran away.
b. scarcely…when… 一…就…
例:Scarcely had the baby cried when the nurse rushed to carry him.
c. no sooner…than… 一…就…
例:No sooner had they reached home than it rained.
=It rained as soon as they reached home.
d. not only…but also… 不但…而且…
例:1)No only did I make a promise, but I also kept it.
=I not only made a promise, but (also)I kept it.
2)Not only is he a scientist, but also he is a painter.
B→副词(短语)放在句首时的倒装
以here, then, now, thus, such, there, so, only , no longer, out, in, up, down, away等副词(短语)为首的句子中,要倒装以表示特别强调的语气。例:
1)Then came the time we had been looking for ward to.
=The time we had been looking forward to came then.
2) Summer begins in June. Then come July and August.
=Summer begins in June, July and August came then.
3) Out rushed the boy.
4) Here are some ideas which will help you to over come the difficulties.
5) 比较: He was very angry. He didn’t say a word.
He was very angry. Not a word did he say.
6)比较: I shall never be late for school.
Never again shall I be late for school.
C→only+副词在句首时的倒装
Only+副词/副词短语/状语从句+助动词/be+主语
例:1)Only then did I realize I made such a big mistake.
I realized I made such a big mistake only then.
2) Only in this way can you worked it out.
3) Only when one loses health does one know its value.
4) Only when he got home did he know what happened to his father.
=When he got home he knew what happened to his father.
D→频度副词在句首时的倒装
频度副词always, often, once出现在句首时,句子要倒装。
例:1)Often did we warn them not to do so.
2) Always will we remember the importance of the meeting.
=We will always remember the importance of the meeting.