9.　 contradict vt. 反驳； 反对； 否认; 与...矛盾

[重点用法]

contradiction n.矛盾，反驳

contradictory adj.相矛盾的

contradict oneself自相矛盾

[典例]

1)Your actions contradict your declared moral principles.你的行为违背了你宣称的道德准则。

2) The boy was very angry and contradicted his teacher in public.男孩非常生气,当众反驳了他的老师。

3) The reports contradict each other. 这些报告相互矛盾。

[练习] 汉译英

1)他所说的话与事实矛盾。

______________________________________________________________________________________

2)那些事实与他的理论相悖。

______________________________________________________________________________________

Keys: 1) His statement contradicts with the facts.　 2) The facts contradict his theory.

8.　　　　 govern　 vi.&vt.统治；支配；管理

[重点用法]

government n．　 统治；管辖；政府；

governor n．统治者；管理者；地方长官；主管人员；总督；县[市，省]长，[美]州长；

a system of government政体

government documents/employee公文，官方文件/公务人员

[典例]

1)　　　 You should govern your temper. 你应该控制你的情绪。

2)　　　 Who are the men who really govern in this country? 谁是这个国家的真正统治者?

[练习]把以下旬子翻译成汉语：　

1)The government is／are planning new tax increases．

____________________________________________________

2)Who are the men that really govern this country?

____________________________________________________

3)You should govern your temper．

____________________________________________________

4)The rights of our citizens are governed by charter(宪章).

　____________________________________________________

5) Chance(运气)usually governs the outcome of the game.

____________________________________________________

6)The child can not be governed．

____________________________________________________

7)Govern yourselves like a civilized human being．

____________________________________________________

Keys: 1)政府正打算提高征税额。2)谁是这个国家的真正统治者?　 3)你应该控制你的情绪。4)我们公

民的权利是由宪章规定的。5)运气通常操纵比赛的结果。6)这小孩无法管得住。7)约束自己像一个

讲文明的人。

7.　　　　 occupy vt.占有；占领；占据

[重点用法]

occupation n. 职业

keep sb．occupied使某人忙碌；

occupy oneself with／in(doing) sth．忙于(做)某事；

be occupied in(doing)／with sth．忙于(做)某事，正在做某事；　　 ‘

[典例]

1) The workers are occupied in building new houses．建筑工正忙于建造新房子。

2) Please fill in the form stating your occupation.请在表格中填入你的职业。

[练习]根据括号里的汉语补全句子。

1) Is__________________?(这个座位有人占吗?)

2)This game will _______________________.(这种游戏会让孩子们玩上一阵子的。)

3)He_____________ in the Ministry of Education．(他在教育部担任要职。)

4)A teacher should_________________ teaching．( 教师不仅要专心于教书还要育人。)

Keys:(1)anyone occupying the seat?／this seat occupied (2)keep the children occupied (3)occupies all

important position (4)be occupied(occupy himself／herself)with education as well as with

6.　　　　 acknowledge vt. 承认；确认；答谢

[重点用法]

It's(universally)acknowledged that…　 ……是大家所公认的

acknowledge(doing)sth/ that(从句)．　 承认(做了)某事/承认……

复合结构：(承认某人／某物为……)

acknowledge sb.(sth．)+n．/ as +n．/ +to be +n．

acknowledge sb．with…　 以……对某人表示感谢　 ‘

acknowledge the applause谢幕

acknowledge a favor／help答谢所受到的关照／帮助

[典例]

1) When asked about the receipt of Tom’s letter，he acknowledged it .

当问到是否收到汤姆的信件，他承认收到了。

2)He was acknowledged with a present for his long service with the company．

在公司服务多年，他因此受到表扬。

3)It is acknowledged that he is the finest poet in the flesh．大家公认他是目前最棒的诗人。

[练习]根据括号里的汉语补全句子。

1) The candidate________________　 was cast down very much．

(这位承认自己在选举中失败的候选人感到很沮丧。)　

2)With the depressed economy，________________________．

(由于经济萧条，政府承认有改革的必要。)　

3)With the evidence offered_____________________________．

( 由于所呈贡的证据，我承认他的陈述是真实的。)

4)With the monitor video shown，he had to________________ from his classmate’s desk inside．(由于监

控录像显,他不得不承认从同学桌子里偷了手机。)

Keys: 1). acknowledging (who acknowledged) defeat/his defeat in the election 2)me government

acknowledged the need for reform／it is necessary to reform 3)I acknowledged the truth of his statement

／his statement (to be/as) the truth 4)acknowledge stealing the mobile phone

5.　　　　 substitute n.代替者；代用品 vt.用……代替……

[重点用法]

substitute A for B用A代B

substitute sb. by [with] another用别人接替某人

[典例]

1) In modern society, people accept to use plastics as a substitute for steel

2) In modern society, people substitute plastic for steel.

在现代社会中人们用塑料做钢的代用品

3) He substituted as the typist in the office. 他代替做这个办公室的打字员。

[练习] 汉译英

1) 你不在时,新来的大学生会代替你的位置。

___________________________________________________________________________________

2) 助手代替班长去参加了校会.。

___________________________________________________________________________________

keys: 1) The newly coming college student will be your substitute in your absence. 2) The monitor was

substituted by his assistant to attend the school meeting.

4.　　　　 comfort n.舒适；安慰 vt.安慰

[重点用法]

comfortable adj.安乐的，舒适的；令人感到安慰的；充裕的；惬意的

comfort…with以……安慰；以……使舒适

comfort sb．for因某事安慰某人

be comfortable about／with对某事感到轻松／惬意

give comfort to安慰(某人)

take／have／find comfort(in…)感到安慰，安心，宽心；(从……中)得到安慰(in)

[典例]

1)You are a great comfort to your parents.你是你父母最大的安慰。

2)She always finds comfort in her children when thinking of the loss of her husband．

想到死去的丈夫，她只能从孩子们身上得到安慰。

[练习]根据括号里的汉语补全句子。

1)Anyone can enjoy______________ my favorite chair．

(任何人都能享受我心爱的椅子所给予的背部舒服。)

2)The folks came to_______________ the loss of his parents．

(亲人们前来安慰失去父母的那位小孩。)!

Keys: 1)comforting their backs with　　 2)comfort the child for／give a comfort to the child for

3.　　　　 recommend　 vt.推荐；建议

[重点用法]

recommendation n.推荐，介绍(信)，劝告，建议

on one's recommendation经某人介绍

follow sb．’s recommendations听从某人的劝告

recommendation(s)for．……的推荐

write／give sb．a recommendation为某人写推荐信／介绍信

提示

1)该词意为“建议”时，注意三种句型：

　 (1) recommend+(sb's)doing；

(2) recommend +that(从句) (从句用虚拟，由should+动词原形构成)；

(3) recommend +sb. to do

2)该词做“推荐；介绍”时，常用句型是：

　 (1) recommend sb．sth．

(2) recommend sth．for(doing) sth.

[典例]

1) Can you recommend me a good novel?　 能给我推荐一本好小说吗?

2) What would you recommend for the ink stains?有什么办法能除掉墨水汁吗?

3) It is recommended in the regulations that you(should)not tell others the password of your e-mail

account. 条款有提示,不要将邮箱密码透露给别人。

[练习]根据括号里的汉语补全句子。　　

1)The teacher recommended that________________．

　 The teacher recommended us__________________. (老师曾建议我们读这本小说。)

2) I went to the new hotel_______________________.(经你的介绍我去了这家新旅馆。)

3) _________so that I can cover the company? (你能给我写一封介绍信以便采访那家公司吗?)

Keys: 1)we(should)read the novel; to read the novel(reading the novel. 2)on your recommendation 3)

Would you write me a recommendation

2.　　　　 preparation n.准备；预备

[重点用法]

prepare vt. & vi．预[准，筹]备，布置，为…铺路；配制；调制；使作准备；温习

be in preparation (for) 在……准备中；作为……的准备

make preparations against为对付……做准备

make preparations for为……做准备

be(well)prepared for[to do]…对…有所准备(处于对…有所准备的意识)

prepare sth．against准备(…)应付…

prepare sb．for让……为了…作准备

prepare the ground for为…铺平路；为…打下基础

[典例]

1) Mother is now preparing food for dinner．妈妈正在为晚餐准备食物。

2) The students are now preparing for the exams．学生们正为考试做准备。

3) The teachers are now preparing their lessons．老师们在备课。

[练习]根据括号里的汉语补全句子。　

1) The chemist ______________ the disease case．(这药剂师正为这病例配制药。)　

2) What we are engaged in_________________________________________.

(我们现在所从事的就是为这目标铺平道路。)

Keys: 1)is preparing medicine for　 2)is to prepare the ground for this aim

1.　 qualification n.资格；证明

[重点用法]

qualify v. (使)具有资格，证明合格

qualification as当任(职务等)的资格

qualification for在(某方面)具有资格取得资格，合格

qualify as取得……资格

qualify for有……资格，有……权；应得；使合格，使能担任，使适合于

qualify sb．to do sth．使某人有资格做某事

[典例]

1) What’s the qualification as a doctor？取得当一名医生的资格是什么?

2) What qualifications have you got to have for this job? 申请这个工作你得要具有的条件是什么?

3) Do you qualify for the vote?　 你有投票资格吗?

4) I hope to qualify as a teacher. 我希望取得教师资格。

5) A degree in English does not qualify you to teach English. 你的英语程度教书不够资格。

[练习] 汉译英

1) 经过大学四年的学习，他终于取得了当律师的资格。

___________________________________________________________________________________

2) 一纸大学文凭并不意味着能让你有获得这份工作的资格。

___________________________________________________________________________________

Keys: 1) After four years’ studying in college, he managed to get the qualification as a lawyer. 2) A

college diploma doesn’t mean that it can qualify you to take up the job.

III 词性变化 (旨在提供语法填空所需材料)

IV 重点词汇 (旨在提供综合运用所需材料)