6. lead to 导致；造成(后果)；通往
[典例]
1). This misprint led to great confusion. 这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。
2). His actions could lead to him losing his job. 他的行为有可能会导致他丢了工作。
[短语归纳] lead短语：
lead sb. to 把某人带到 lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
lead sb. in doing sth. 领导/带领某人做某事 lead to sb. doing sth. 导致某人做某事
[练习] 根据句子意思填空或按要求填空。
1). The events ________ ________ the start of the First World War.
2). What led him ________ (kill) his wife?
3). He had led everyone ________ (believe) that his family was very wealthy.
4). Our research led us ________ (介词) the conclusion that the present system is unfair.
5). Too much work and too little rest often _______ _______ illness.
6). He will lead the party of scientists ________ (do) the research.
7). Failure often lies in laziness while hard work _ ________ success.
8). The driver’ s carelessness ________ ________ the serious traffic accident.
Keys: 1). led to 2). to kill 3). to believe 4). to 5). leads to 6). in doing
7). leads to 8). led to / resulted in
5. build up 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发
1). You need more protein to build you up. 你需要增加蛋白质以增强体质。
2). He is now trying to build up a fine reputation. 他正在努力逐步赢得好的声誉。
[练习] 翻译填空。
1). Slowly a thick layer of fat ________ ________ (越聚越多) on the pan’ s surface.
2). Exercise will help ________ ________ (增强) the muscles.
3). They have finally ________ ________ (建立) a big company.
Keys: 1). builds up 2). build up 3). built up
4. would rather 宁愿……
1). I’ d rather walk than take a bus. 我愿意走路而不愿意坐公共汽车。
2). “Some more wine?” “Thank you, I’ d rather not. I have to drive home.”“再来一点酒好吗?”“不要了，我不能再喝了。 我还得开车回家呢。”
[重点用法]
would rather do A (than do B) = would (prefer to) do A (rather than do B) 宁愿做甲事(而不做乙事)
would rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事
[练习] 用所给词的适当形式填空或翻译。
1). I would rather you ________ (know) now, than afterwards.
2). Rather than ________ (ride) on a crowded bus, I prefer ________ (walk).
3). 她宁可死也不愿失去孩子们。
____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). knew 2). ride; to walk 3). She’ d rather die than lose the children.
3. be satisfied with = be content with 对……表示满足或满意
1). I was not satisfied with the result. 我对那个结果感到不满意。
2). You’ve done well at school. I’m very satisfied with you. 你在学校干得不错，我对你很满意。
sth. satisfy sb. 某事使某人满意 sb. is satisfied sth. 对……表示满足或满意
be satisfied to do 对做……感到满意 be satisfied that clause 对做……感到满意
a satisfied smile 满意的微笑 a satisfied customer 感到满意的顾客
feel a sense of satisfaction感到满足感 to sb’ s / sth’ s satisfaction 使某人满意的是
far from satisfactory 远远不能令人满足 it is satisfying (to do sth) 做某事是令人满意的
a satisfactory explanation / performance令人满意的解释/演出
get/obtain/derive satisfaction from one’ s work 从自己的工作中得到满足
[练习] 根据句子意思用satisfy 的适当形式填空。
1). I am not ________ (satisfy) with your work. You must improve it.
2). The result doesn’ t ________ (satisfy) me.
3). What he has done is far from ________ (satisfy).
4). He hung up the phone, ________ (satisfy) with a smile on his face.
5). It can be very ________ (satisfy) to work in the garden.
6). Finance officials expressed ________ (satisfy) with the recovery of the dollar.
Keys: 1). satisfied 2). satisfy 3). satisfactory 4). satisfied 5). satisfying 6). satisfaction
2. rid sb./sth. of... 使某人/某物摆脱……
1). Many people are working hard to rid the world of famine. 很多人在努力使世界不再有饥荒。2). The dentist rid him of the pain by taking out his bad tooth. 牙科医生把他的坏牙拔掉，使他
免除痛苦。
[重点用法] rid 短语：
be rid of 摆脱 get rid of 摆脱；除掉；去掉
rid a house of mice 清除室内老鼠 rid oneself of debt 还清债务
[类似用法动词]
inform/ warn/ cure sb. of… 通知/警告/治愈某人……
1). He struggled to _______ _______ _______ (使自己摆脱) his guilt.
2). The proposals are an attempt to _______ _______ _______ (使国家清除) political corruption.
3). He was a boring nuisance! I’ m glad to _______ _______ _______ (摆脱他的纠缠) him.
4). I still can’ t _______ _______ _______ (摆脱) my cold.
5). The sales manager asked his men to _______ _______ _______ (通知) everything concerning the sales in time.
6). The passengers ______ _______ _______ (警告) the danger of unsteady landing.
Keys: 1). rid himself of 2). rid the country of 3). be rid of 4). get rid of
5). inform him of 6). are warned of
1. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 (有时作反语)
1). Thanks to your help, much trouble was saved. 多亏你的帮助, 减少了许多麻烦。
2). Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled. 多亏这个倒霉天气, 比赛取消了。
thanks to 相当于because of /owing to /due to /thanks to /on account of /as a result of 如：
1). He was injured due to /owing to a car accident.
2). His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience.
3). The train arrived late on account of /as a result of a heavy snow.
4). Thanks to him, I’ m getting better and better .
5). It was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game .
[练习] 翻译句子。
1). 多亏了新的政策，我们现在过着幸福的生活。
___________________________________________________________________________
2). 多亏了他的忠告我才得以成功。(用强调句)
3). 由于交通堵塞我迟到了。
Keys: 1). Thanks to the new policy, we are now having a happy life.
2). It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded.
3). I was late thanks to the traffic jam.
5. focus vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦 n. [c,u] 焦点；中心点
1). Focus your camera. 把照相机的焦距调准。
2). Her beauty makes her the focus of attention. 她长得漂亮, 很惹人注目。
focus on集中于 focus (one’ s attention/mind/efforts) on集中(注意力/心思/精力)于
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). The focus of recent research has been _______ (介词) environmental issues.
2). All eyes _______ _______ (集中于) her.
3). They focused their mind on ______ (do) the experiment.
Keys: 1). on 2). focussed on 3). doing
ent vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n. [c, u] 评论；议论
1). The scandal caused a lot of comment. 这件丑闻遭到很多议论。
2). “Will you resign, Minister?” “No comment!”“部长，你是要辞职吗?”“无可奉告。”
comment on/about sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论
make comments/no comment on sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论/不进行评论
1). Have you any comment(s) _______ (make) on the recent developments?
2). Asked about the date of the election, the Prime Minister _______ _______ (发表意见) no decision had yet been made.
3). She was asked about the pay increase but _______ _______ _______ (不进行评论) on it.
Keys: 1). to make 2). commented that 3). made no comment
V 重点词组 (旨在提供综合运用所需材料)
4. reduce vt.&vi. 减少；减缩 reduction n.缩减，减少，降低
1). He reduced his weight from 98 to 92 kilos/by 6 kilos. 他把体重从98公斤减少到92公斤。
2). The reform has reduced us to servants of the State. 这一改革把我们都降为公务员了。
reduce sth (from...) to... 把某物从……减少到…… reduce sth. by... 减少多少
[练习] 根据句子意思填入正确的介词。
1). We must reduce our expenses ______ 300 yuan a month.
2). Their output has been reduced ______ 10 percent.
3). He reduced his weight ______ 6 kilos.
Keys: 1). to 2). by 3). by
3. regret (regretted) vt. (对……)遗憾；惋惜 n.[c,u] 遗憾；惋惜
1). If you go now, you’ ll regret it. 假若你现在就走, 一定得後悔。
2). I regret to say the job has been filled. 十分抱歉, 那个工作已经有人做了。
regret to say/tell/announce/inform 遗憾地说/告诉/宣布/通知
regret doing / having done sth. 后悔已做了某事 regret that 遗憾/后悔…
[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。
1). I now regret _______ (leave) school so young.
2). _______ _______ _______ _______(非常抱歉), I am unable to accept your invitation.
3). I regret _______ (inform) you that your contract will not be renewed.
Keys: 1). leaving / having done 2). Much to my regret/To my great regret 3). to inform
2. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 equipment n.[u] 装备；设备
1). They equipped themselves for the expedition. 他们为远征治装。
2). A good education should equip you for life. 有良好的教育能受用终生。
equip sb./sth. with 用……武装某人；用……装备某物
equip sb./sth. for 为……而武装某人；为……而装备某物
a piece of office equipment 一件办公设备
1). The soldiers were well _______ _______ (装备好了) weapons.
2). We must equip young teachers _______ _______ _______ (对付) difficult children.
3). This library is equipped _______ (介词) atomic research.
4). Our classroom _______ _______ _______ (装备有) a computer and a tape recorder.
Keys: 1). equipped with 2). to deal with 3). for 4). is equipped with