4.　　 汽车外出游玩时，我们应该主要考虑安全因素。(take…into consideration)

3.　　 除非我们能得到更多的资金，我们将不得不关闭这家商店。(finance)

2.　　 他建议在政府部门做一些改变。(propose)

Directions: Translate the flowing sentences into English. You are required to use the word given in the bracket for each respective sentence.

1.　　 警方劝告开车的人暂时不要使用这条公路。(urge)

(E)

Section D(8分)

Complete the following sentences using fewest words.

What’s your dream vacation? Watching wildlife in Kenya? Boating down the Amazon? Sunbathing in Malaysia? New chances are opening up all the time to explore the world. So we visit travel agents, compare packages and prices, and pay our money.

We know what our vacation costs us. But do we know what it might cost someone else? It’s true that many poorer countries now depend on tourism for foreign income. Unfortunately, though, tourism often harms the local people more than it helps them.

It might cost their homes and lands. In Myanmar, 5,200 people were forced to leave their homes among the pagodas (佛塔)in Bagan so that tourists could visit the pagodas.

Tourism might also cost the local people their livelihood and dignity. Local workers often find only menial (卑微的)jobs in the tourists industry. And most of the profits do not help the local economy. Instead, profits return to the tour operators in wealthier countries. When the Maasai people in Tanzania were driven from their lands, some moved to city slums. Others now make a little money selling souvenirs or posing for photos.

Problems like these were observed more than 20 years ago. But now some non-government organizations, tour operators and local governments are working together to begin correcting them. Tourists, too, are putting on the pressure.

The result is responsible tourism, or “ethical tourism. ”Ethical tourism has people at its heart. New international agreements and codes of conduct can help protect the people’s lands, homes, economies and cultures. The beginnings are small, though, and the problems are complex.

But take heart. The good news is that everyone, including us, can play a part to help the local people in the places we visit. Tour operators and companies can help by making sure that local people work in good conditions and earn reasonable wages.

They can make it a point to use only locally owned hotels, restaurants and guide services. They can share profits fairly to help the local economy. And they can involve the local people in planning and managing tourism.

What can tourists do? First, we can ask tour companies to provide information about the conditions of local citizens. We can then make our choices and tell them why. And while we’re abroad, we can:

★Buy local foods and products, not imported ones.

★Pay a fair price for goods and services and not bargain for the cheapest price.

★Avoid flaunting wealth.

★Ask before taking photographs of people.

They are not just part of the landscape!

Let’s enjoy our vacation and make sure others do, too.

81. What’s the main idea the writer intends to tell us in this passage?

_____________________________________________________________.

82. Why does the author say vacations cost someone else in this passage?

_____________________________________________________________.

83. It can be learned from the passage that profits go back to richer countries through ____________________.

84. In which aspect can they involve the local people? ____________________.

第II卷(共45分)

(D)

Section C:

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

76. __________

While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts. The key to keeping fresh cut flowers for a week or more without floral preservatives(which contain biocides that kill bacteria and fungus) is to keep the water fresh and the stems free of air pockets so they can continue to draw up water.

77. __________

An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations(康乃馨) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12℃ than when kept at 26℃. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.

78. __________

Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination (授粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide, called respiration (呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and colour. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.

79. __________

How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.

80. __________

Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to “drink” water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白剂) can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach(at 4% solution) be added to each litre of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.

(C)

LONDON-Life for Cathy Hagner and her three children is set to permanent(永久的) fast-forward.

　　 Their full school day and her job as a lawyer's assistant are busy enough. But Hagner also has to take the two boys to soccer or hockey or basketball while dropping off her daughter at piano lessons or Girl Scout Club.

　　 Often, the exhausted family doesn't get home until 7 pm. There is just time for a quick supper before homework. In today's world, middle-class American and British parents treat their children as if they are competitors racing for some finishing line.

　　 Parents take their children from activity to activity in order to make their future bright. It seems that raising a genius has become a more important goal than raising a happy and well-balanced child.

　　 "Doctors across the country are reporting a growing number of children suffering from stomachaches and headaches due to exhaustion and stress," says child expert William Doherty of the University of Minnesota.

　　 Teachers are dealing with exhausted kids in the classroom. It's a very serious problem. Many children attend after-school clubs by necessity. But competitive pressures also create an explosion of activities. They include sports, language, music and math classes for children as young as four.

　　 "There is a new parenting trend under way which says that you have to tap all your child's potential at a young age; otherwise you will let him down,” says Terry Alter, a Cambridge-based child and adolescent psychiatrist (青少年精神病专家)

"It isn't entirely new: there have always been pushy parents. But what was previously seen as strange behaviour is now well accepted."

72. From the second paragraph of this passage we can find that ______.

A. Hagner wastes much time helping her children's lessons

B. Hagner doesn't spend much time on her full-time job

C. Hagner is interested in spots and music

D. Hagner busies herself by following a trend

73. British parents, as the writer described in this passage, _____.

A. treat their children as spots players

B. pay no attention to their children's lessons

C. bring up their children in a simple way

D. give their children little time to develop freely

74. The writer's opinion about after-school clubs is that ______.

A. activities in the country are too competitive　　

B. children should attend four clubs at a time

C. some clubs result in competitive pressures　

D. clubs should have more subjects for school children

75. The last paragraph tells us that in Britain ______.

A. parents used to take their children to every club

B. parents used to be wise on how to raise children

C. parents have all benefited from children's clubs

D. parents have come to know the standard of education

(B)

How to protect children Web fans from unsuitable material on-line while encouraging them to use the Internet has long been discussed in the U.S.

　For some parents, the Internet can seem like a jungle, filled with danger for their children. But jungles contain wonders as well as dangers and with good guides, some education, and a few precautions(预防措施), the wilds of the Internet can be safely navigated(航行). Kids have to be on-line. If we tell our kids they cant have access to the Internet, were cutting them off from their future, said an expert.

　Most kids have started to use search engines. Many of them are great for finding tons of interesting Internet sites, and they can also locate places where you might not want your kids to go. There are search engines designed just for kids. A certain software contains only sites that have been selected as safe. The most popular way to limit access would be to use what is known as a content screener(过滤器). But this can’t be wholly reliable, and the best thing parents can do is to talk to their kids and let them know what is OK or not OK to see or do on the Internet. Another way is that mum or dad is nearby when the child is surfing(浏览) the Internet.

A few other tips

　●Don’t put the PC in a child’s room but keep it in an area where mum or dad can keep an eye on things. That also makes the Internet more of a family activity.

　●Ask your child what he or she has been doing and about any friends they make on-line.

　●Tell your child not to give on-line strangers personal information, especially like address and phone number.

●And tell your children never to talk to anyone they meet on-line over the phone, send them anything, accept anything from them or agree to meet with them unless you go along.

69. The best way to protect children from improper material is _______.

A. to install(安装) a content screener on the computer

B. to buy some search engines for the children

C. to be nearby when they are surfing the Internet

D. to talk to the children and persuade them to tell right from wrong

70. Which of the following is right according to the passage?

A. Surfing the Internet is the best method of educating children.

B. Children’s not having access to Internet may have effect on their progress.

C. Using a content screener is most reliable for keeping children having access to Internet.

D. Searching engines can help children to select materials fit for them.

71. According to the passage, we can infer that _______.

A. soft wares fit for children want programming

B. a child who is on-line is in danger

C. Internet is a jungle full of danger

D. Internet contains a lot of harmful sites

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that fits the context.

The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people's and nation's wants.

The problem we faced with is that our resources, here identified as money are __50__. The only way we can solve the problem is to make choices. After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of __51__ and identify the things we need immediately, those we can postpone, and __52__ we cannot afford. As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics---deciding how to allocate(分配) our limited resources to provide __53__ with greatest satisfaction of our wants. 　　 Nations face the same problem. As a country's population __54__, the need for more goods and services grows correspondingly. Resources necessary to production may increase, but there are __55__ enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a nation. Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family living room, in the conference room of the corporation __56__ of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem still exists. We need to find __57__ of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants. 　　 A short time ago, economists divided goods into two categories, free and economic. The former, like air and water, were in __58__ abundance(丰富) that economists had no concern for them. After all, economics is the __59__ of scarcity and what to do about it. Today many of these "free goods" are __60__ very expensive to use. Population has made clean air and water expensive for producers extra cost, and __61__ taxpayers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the environment. 　　 In the 1990s, almost all goods are __62__. Only by effort and money __63__ obtained in the from people wish.

Meeting needs of people and the demands from resource available __64__ the basic activity of production. In trying to meet unlimited wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics. 　

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict,” jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes---khaki pants and sports shirt---to the office. He hardly ever wears necktie. “I’m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”

More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States. The change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday (but only on Friday). This became known as “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday.” “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing,” said business consultant Maisly Jones.

Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it’s easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people don’t want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so it’s hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productive. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.”

65. David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict” because_______.

A. he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt

B. he couldn’t stand a clean appearance

C. he wanted his clothes to look neat all the time

D. he didn’t want to spend much money on clothes

66. David Smith wears casual clothes now, because________

A. they make him feel at ease when working

B. he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes

C. he looks handsome in casual clothes

D. he no longer works for any company

67. According to this passage, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A. Many employees don’t like a conservative dress code.

B. Comfortable clothes make employees more productive

C. A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees

D. All the employers in the U.S are for casual office wear.

68. In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned EXCEPT_______.

A. saving employees’ money　　　 　 　　　 B. making employees more attractive

C. improving employees’ motivation 　 D. making employees happier

40. After a thorough investigation, the policeman declared that the blow on the victim’s head _____ from behind.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that is one word more than you need.

Two-thirds of U.S. consumers have yet to finish their holiday shopping, and 41 percent expect to finish at least a week prior to Christmas, according to a new survey.

　One-fourth of __41__ will be shopping the week leading into Christmas, __42__ Christmas Eve, according to the first annual American Express Spending and Saving Tracker research report.

　"Actually, we found in this holiday season there is this game of watching and waiting ... that deals will get sweeter as the clock winds down," said Mona Hamouly, a spokeswoman for the report.

　Some 62 percent of consumers are waiting until the last minute to shop for the holiday. Thirty-one percent are waiting for the best deals before finishing their shopping, while about 20 percent plan to do so at the last minute because they are still saving or are busy, and one in 10 say they are waiting for that last pay __43__ before the holidays.

　Hamouly said consumers seem to be "managing their cash flow and seeking out those great deals" this year.

　Over the next 30 days, 65 percent of people expect to spend the same or more than they spent in the past 30 days and one-third __44__ to spend less, according to the survey prepared for American Express.

　Hamouly said the weak economy was a large factor in consumers' __45__ toward shopping, with many feeling cash-strapped.

　In addition to a __46__ sample of consumers, the survey targeted two sub-groups -- those designated as "affluents" and "young professionals."

　Affluents were __47__ as having a minimum __48__ household income of $100,000, while young professionals were those who were less than 30 years old, had a college degree and a minimum annual household income of $50,000.

　During the next 30 days, among consumers who expect to spend more, 56 percent say they will be spending the most on holiday gifts.

　More than 40 percent expect to spend less in the next month because they are trying to save money, the prices of goods have increased, or they want to maintain a __49__. One-third cite the need to reduce their debt.

"Even for the affluent population, they want to get the best deals too," Hamouly said.

The two top items consumers will be buying over the next 30 days are groceries and holiday gifts.