● spent-nuclear-fuel
storage / storage of spent-nuclear-fuel
● 80
● uncertainty about the costs and time needed
SECTION B
Directions: Read the following
passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage
and the required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
A political scientist from
Indiana University whose work exploring how people come together to preserve
their collective resources may provide important clues in the fight against climate change has become
the first woman to win the Nobel prize for economics.
Elinor Ostrom, 76, shares 2009
Nobel prize with fellow American academic Oliver Williamson, 77. The Royal Swedish
Academy of Sciences announced
to the world the pair had been chosen to win the 40th prize in economic
sciences.
For Ostrom, the award came, as a
"big surprise". To rise to the peak of her area of learning has been
a big journey, as she has had to struggle against her own weaknesses and the
barriers of the system. At school in Los
Angeles, she suffered from stuttering. She also faced
the barriers common to most women of her generation entering the sciences --- she
was discouraged from taking a PhD when she applied for graduate school.
Her field of study has been
striking for how cross-disciplinary it is. Early on she gained a reputation for
bringing economics, political science and sociology together.
What interests her is how common
property can be managed successfully through groups in society. The findings of
her research have been striking, as the Nobel committee pointed out, because
they have challenged the traditional assumption that common property is poorly
managed unless it is either controlled by government or privatized. She has
shown how different individuals can band together and form collectives that
protect the resource at hand.
“A lot of people are waiting for
more international co-operation to solve global warming.” Ostrom said , “It is
important that there is international agreement, but we can be taking steps at
family level, community level, civic and national level … There are many steps
that can be taken. That will not solve it on their own but continuously will
make a big difference.”
81. How did Ostrom
feel when she got the prize? (not
more than 3 words)
Yours sincerely,