In ancient times, the most important exams were spoken, not written. In the  21  of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually  22  saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.  In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were  23  for advanced degrees had to  24  questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This  25  exists today as part of the process of  26  candidates (应试者) for the doctor's degree.  Generally,  27 , modern exams are written. The written exam,  28  all students are tested on the same questions, was probably  29  until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into  30  with the great  31  in population and the great development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state exam,  32  exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, is similar to a group of  33  at an automobile factory. Certainly, during exams teachers and students are  34  to act like machines.  One type of test is sometimes  35  an "objective(客观题) test". It is intended to deal with facts, not  36  opinions. To  37  an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has  38  one correct answer. Along with each question, the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that  39  answers to students who have not learned the material  40 .

21. A. governments   B. schools    C. homes       D. offices

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