29.stand for

stand for 代表；主张，提倡；(否定结构)容许，容忍

　　　 例1：What does NB stand for?NB代表什么？

　　　 例2：We like our school and all it stands for.我们爱学校以及它所倡导的一切。

　　　 例3：The teacher wouldn't stand for such behavior.老师不会容忍这样的行为。

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1)stand up 起立

　 例如：Every student stood up when the teacher came in.老师进来时，每位学生都起立。

2)stand by 站在一旁，袖手旁观

　 例1：Mary could not tell Jane the secret with her little brother standing by.玛丽不能告诉珍妮那个秘密，因为她的小弟弟站在旁边。

　 例2：And did you just stand by and do nothing?你就袖手旁观吗？

27.in relation to

in relation to 和……联系起来；关于

　　　 例1：Prices seem high in relation to wages.和工资比起来，价格似乎较高。

　　　 例2：What did you say in relation to what happened yesterday?你对昨天发生的事有何高见？

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1)out of relation to 和……不相称

　 例如：The effort and expense needed for this project were out of relation to the results.这项工程需要的精力和财力与结果不相称。

2)with relation to 关于

　 例如：We must plan with relation to the future.我们必须计划将来。

pare … with

compare…with 把……和……进行比较

　　　 例如：I compared the translation with the original.我把译文和原文对照了一遍。

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compare … to … 把……比作

　　　 例如：The students compare their teachers to candles.学生们把老师比作蜡烛。

25.refer to

refer to 查阅，参阅；指……而言；适用于；提到，谈到

　　　 例1：A person refers to a dictionary to find the meaning of words.一个人要查字典找字意。

　　　 例2：When I said some people were stupid I wasn't referring to you.我说有些人很傻，不是指你们。

　　　 例3：This rule refers to everyone.这条规则适用于任何人。

　　　 例4：The speaker referred to his past experiences.发言人提到了自己过去的经历。

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refer … to … 归功于

　　　 例如：He referred his success to the good teaching he's had.他把成功归功于其受到的良好教育。

24.take possession of

take possession of 夺取，占有，占领

　　　 例如：The policeman took possession of the thief's bag.警察夺过那个小偷的袋子。

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1)have possession of 占有，拥有

　　　 例如：He has had possession of the adjoining land for ten years.他占有邻近的地已经十年了。

2)in possession of 占有，拥有，持有

　　　 例如：Who is in possession of the property?谁拥有这笔财产？

3)in one's possession = in the possession of sb.

　 在某人手中，由某人掌管，为某人所拥有

　 例如：The keys are in his possession.钥匙归他管。

23.be famous for

be famous for 因……而著名

　　　 例如：Scotland has many lakes and mountains, and is famous for its beautiful countryside.苏格兰有许多湖泊和山脉，并以其乡村美景著称。

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be famous as 作为……而著名

　　　 例如：She is famous as a writer.她作为作家而闻名。

22.the same…as

the same … as 和……一样

　　　 例1：He was about the same age as Philip.他和飞利普年龄差不多一样大。

　　　 例2：She felt the same as he did.她和他的感觉一样。

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1)just the same 同样地，照样

　 例如：It won't make any difference to you. I'll pay for the lessons just the same.对你不会有所不同，我还是照付功课钱。

2)the same to you 祝你也是如此

　　　 例如：Happy New Year! 新年快乐！

　　　　 　　Thank you. The same to you! 谢谢！也祝你愉快！

3)all the same 尽管如此，仍然

　　　 例如：He gave us a lot of trouble, but I like him all the same.尽管他给我们惹了很多麻烦，可我还是喜欢他。

4)at the same time 同时

　　　 例如：I know he is untruthful. But, at the same time, I must admit he is a good worker.我知道他不诚实，但我同时必须承认他是个好工人。

21.be surrounded by

be surrounded by/with 为……所包围

　　　 例如：Britain is surrounded by sea.英国四周是都是海。

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surround with 用……把……围住

　　　 例如：He surrounded the castle with a high wall.

他用高墙把城堡围住。

20.make up

make up 创造，编造；和解；弥补；化装；构成

　　　 例1：The teacher asked the children to make up a poem about Christmas.老师让孩子们创作一首关于圣诞节的诗歌。

　　　 例2：Mary and Joan quarreled, but made up after a while.

　　　 玛丽和琼吵架，但过了一会儿就和好了。

　　　 例3：John must make up the lessons he missed.约翰必须补上他落下的功课。

　　　 例4：The actors were making up when we arrived.我们到的时候，演员们正在化装。

　　　 例5：Nine players make up a team.九个运动员组成一个队。

注意：用于被动结构时，和of连用。

　　　 例如：This is made up of three different parts.这是由三个不同的部分组成的。

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1)be made of 由……制成(从成品中可看得出原料)

　　　 例如：The bridge is made of steel.这座桥是钢材造的。

2)be made from 由……制成(从成品中看不出原料)

　　　 例如：Steel is made from iron.钢材是由铁炼成的。

3)make up one's mind 打定主意，决定

　　　 例如：I made up my mind to go to him.我决定到他那里去。

4)make up for 弥补

　　　 例如：Hard work can often make up for a lack of intelligence.勤奋能补拙。

5)make up from 由……制作

　　　 例如：She wore a necklace made up from silver coins.

　　 　她戴了一串银币做的项链。

6)be made up of 由……组成/构成

　　　 例如：The mobile medical team was made up of ten doctors.这支流动医疗队由十位医生组成。

7)be made into 被制成……

　　　 例如：Glass were made into bottles.玻璃制成瓶子。

8)be made in 在……地方制造

　　　 例如：Is your car made in Shanghai?你的车是上海产的吗？

19.refer to

refer to所指；谈及；提及

例1：I was not referring to her when I said so.当我那么说时，我并不是指她。

例2：The boy you referred to is my seatmate.你刚才谈到的那个男生是我的同桌。

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1)refer to 参考；咨询

例如：While he was writing the essay, he referred to some other books.在写那篇论文时，他参考了其他一些书籍。

2)refer … to 把……归于

例如：He referred his success to his trainer.他认为自己的成功应归功于自己的教练。

3)refer … to 将……提交

例如：The dispute was referred to the United Nations.该项争议已提交联合国处理。

18.go down

go down(太阳)落山

例如：When the sun is going down, the whole farm looks more beautiful.当太阳落山时，整个农场看起来更美了。

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1)go down(价格)跌落

例如：The price of beef has gone down finally.牛肉的价格终于下降了。

2)go down(指海洋、风暴)平衡；平息

例如：The rough sea finally went down.波涛汹涌的海面总算平静下来了。

3)go down 受欢迎

例如：The film HERO went down well.《英雄》这部影片很受观众欢迎。