4.rather,very,quite,fairly的区别

(1)rather常用来修饰贬义的形容词或副词,如bad,poor,badly等;faifly常用来修饰褒义的形容词或副词,如nice,well,clever等。如:

She is fairly clever,but does rather badly in her lessons.她很聪明,但她的功课做得相当差。

(2)如果修饰中性的形容词或副词,如easy,fast,thin等,fairly表示肯定的概念,即说话人的态度是赞美的、满意的;而rather表示否定的概念,即说话人是不满意的。如:

①I’lle soup is fairly hot.这汤还算热。(表示喜欢热汤)

②)The soup is rather hot.这汤太烫了。(表示讨厌太烫的汤)

特别提示

rather可用在similar,different,too,介词like,以及形容词、副词的比较级之前,也可修饰动词,而fairly,quite则不能,但可以说quite better。如:

今天比昨天暖和得多。

[误]It is fairly warmer today than yesterday.

[正]It is rather warmer today than yesterday.

(3)quite表示的程度比fairly深,表示主观看法,可理解为“十分”。如:

The news is quite amazing.这个消息十分惊人。

(4)fairly只能用在不定冠词之后;而quite和rather用于不定冠词前、后皆可。如:

This is a fairly heavy/rather a heavy/a rather heavy/a quite heavy/quite a heavy job for US.对我们来说,这是一项相当繁重的工作。

另外,rather有时与褒义词尤其是表示“好”的词连用时,强调被修饰词的程度,可与fairly,quite互换。如:Your English is rather/fairly/quite good.你的英语相当好。

高考经常考查形容词的辨析和副词的辨析,所以我们在学习中要注意近义词的用法差异。以下是常见的几组近义词:alone,lonely;living,alive,live,lively;likely,possible,probable;no more than,not more than;no less than,not less than;too much,much too;no longer,no more;almost,nearly。

典例:(2010高考英语浙江卷,6)I have been convinced that the print media are usually more ______  and more reliable than television. 

A.accurate         B.ridiculous        C.urgent           D.shallow 

[答案]A

[解析]本题考查形容词辨析。分析四个选项的意思:accurate 精确的;ridiculous可笑的,滑稽的;urgent紧急

2.形容词作定语后置的几种情况

(1)当形容词修饰由some,any,IlO,every构成的复合词,如something,anything,nothing等时。如:

Is there anything new in today’S newspaper?今天的报纸上有什么新的东西吗?

(2)当“形容词+介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。如:

There is a bag full of rice on his table.他的桌上有满满一袋米。

(3)当两个意义相反的形容词用both…and…,and,or或so连接在一起作定语时。如:

People in the village,young and old,men and women are fond of singing and dancing.村里的男女老幼都喜爱唱歌跳舞。

(4)当old,long,high,wide,deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时。如:

The peasants dug a well about fifty metres deep.农民们挖了一口约五十米深的井。

(5)有些表语形容词作定语时,如afraid,alone,awake,asleep,alive,ashamed,worth等。如:

Tom was the only boy awake at that time.汤姆是那时唯一醒着的男孩。

典例:(2010高考英语辽宁卷,27)We only had $100 and that was ______  to buy a new computer.

A.nowhere near enough          B.near enough nowhere

C.enough near nowhere          D.near nowhere enough

[答案]A

[解析]考查形容词、副词的排列顺序。enough修饰形容词、副词时,通常要放在被修饰词语的后面。’因此正确词序应为:nowhere near enough…nowhere near意为“差得远,远不及”。语意为:我们只有100美元。这笔钱远远不够买一台新电脑。根据语意选A项。

考点3  形容词、副词的辨析

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