5. first of all，above all，first，at first

　 (1)first of all“首先，第一”，指按照时问顺序处于第

　 一位的。(强调顺序)

　 First of all, we must check the number．

　 首先，我们要核对一下数目。

　 First of all, let me say how glad I am to be here.

　 首先我要说，米到这里我是多么高兴。，

　 (2) above all“首先，最重要的足”，相当于most

　 important of all。(强调重要性)

　 We must work hard, and above all we must believe

　 that each of us is able to do something well.

　 我们必须努力工作，尤其重要的是我们必须相信，我

　 们每个人都能做好一些事情。

　 (3) first“首先”，是从动作的先后角度来考虑的。

　 Beforewe go， I must first change my clothes.

　 在走之前我得先换衣服。

　 (4) at first“起初”，相当于at the beginning，含有后来

　 不这样了的意思。

　 At first I didn't like her, but now I do.

　 起初我不喜欢她，但现在我喜欢了。

4. in away, in the way, by the way, by way of

　 (1) in a way 意为“在某种程度上”，相当于in one

　 way, in some way。

　 The reforms are an improvement in a way.

　 这些变革从某种意义上说是一种进步。

　 (2) in the way 挡路

　 A big stone is in the way. Move it away, please.

　一块大石头挡在路上，请把它搬开。

　 (3) by the way 顺便问一下，在途中

　 They stopped for a rest by the way.

　 他们途中停下来休息一下。

　 By the way, could you show me the way to the

　 station?

　 顺便问一下，你能指给我去车站的路吗?

　 (4) by way of 途经，路经(某处)；作为，当作

　 He is travelling to Shenzhen by way of Beijng.

　 他经北京去深圳。

　 Let's go to the restaurant for supper by way of a

　 change.

　 我们今天去饭店吃晚饭，换一下rJ味。

3. common, ordinary, usual, normal

　 (1) ① common“常见的，普遍的”(即“司空见惯的”意思) common names 常见的名字；common mistakes 常犯的错误；common sense 常识；common event 普通(平凡)的事件；common use 普遍用法

　 ② common 还有“共同的”意思。common interest 共同的兴趣；common language 共同语言；common market共同市场；common purpose 共同目标

　 [短语]have much / a lot in common 有很多共同之处have nothing / little in common 没有共同之处

　 (2) ordinary 普通的，平凡的(强调“平淡无奇”) an ordinary worker 一个普通工人；ordinary-looking 相貌平常的

　 (3) usual 通常的，惯常的(强调“遵循常例”) It is a usual thing with him. 这件事他习以为常。

　 [短语]as usual像往常一样；it is usual for sb. to do sth.

　 (4) normal 正常的，正规的 (即“合乎标准”) normal temperature 正常体温；normal state 正常状态

　[短语]above / below normal 标准以上(以下)，return to normal 恢复正常

2. agree with, agree to, agree on

　 (1) ① agree with 的意思是“同意”，“赞成”。后面常接表示人或意见(看法)的名词或代词作宾语。Does she agree with us? 她同意我们的意见吗?

　 ② agree with 还有“与……一致”，“(气候、食物等)适　 合”的意思。His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。Too much meat doesn't agree with her.吃太多肉食对她身体不合适。

　 [注意]agree with不能用于被动语态。

　 (2) agree to 意为“同意”，“赞成”，后面跟表示“提议”，“办法”，“计划”，“安排”等的名词或代词。Please agree to this arrangement.请同意这个安排。

　 (3) agree on 表示“对……取得一致意见”，指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或是达成了某种协议。After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire. 经过讨论，双方就停火问题达成了协议。

1. spend, cost, take, pay, pay for

　 (1) spend的主语必须是“人”，宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等，其后用on+名词或用in(可省略) + 动名词形式，不接不定式。He spends much money on books. 他平时将很多钱用在买书上。/ He spent a lot of money (in) buying a new car. 他花很多钱买一辆新车。

　 (2) cost的主语必须是“物”或“事”，表示“费用”、“耗费”，后接life，money，health，time等，侧重于“花费”的代价。The book cost him one dollar. 这本书用了他一美元。/ Making experiments like this costs much time and labor. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。

　 [注意]cost后不能与具体的时间长度连用，只能与表示抽象概念的时间短语连用。如：some time, much time, ten years of hard work 等。可说It cost him ten years of work. 不可说It cost him ten years to work.

(3) take 表示“花费”时，其主语一般是“一件事”，有时主语也可以是人，它说明事情完成“花费了……”。 It took me ten minutes to go to the post office.到邮局用去了我十分钟时间。/ The producer took two years to make the film.　 制片商用了两年时间拍这部新影片。

　[说明] take...to do sth. 句型侧重完成该动作花费的时间，而spend...doing sth. 有时并不说明动作的完成。It took him an hour to read the book.他用一小时读完了这本书。/ He spent an hour (in) reading the book.他用了一小时读这本书。(是否读完并未说明)

　 (4) pay 的基本意思是“支付”，作为及物动词，宾语可　 以是“人”、“钱”。He paid the taxi and hurried to the station.　 他付了出租车的钱，急忙向车站赶去。We'll pay you in a few days. 几天后我们会给你钱。

　 (5) pay for的宾语为“物”、“事”，for 表示支付的原因。　 You'll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals.你得每周付给我十美元饭钱。

　 [注意]

(1)下面两句中pay for的意义不同。Of course we have to pay for what we buy.当然我们买东西得付钱。Don't worry about money. I'll pay for you. 别担心钱，我会替你付的。

　 (2) pay the bill 付账；pay taxes 纳税；pay wages 发工资

　 以上pay后不能加for

5. Tom's interests include basketball, bowling, and surfing the Web as good as studying his favorable subjects.

☆词语比较☆

4. He has devoted his whole life to benefit mankind.

3. Eat too much fat can lead to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.

2. I suppose Robert is fit the job in case he can put his mind to it.

1. In generally, most teenagers now listen to rock music. However, Jonah prefers classical music.