4. ____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom sudden-

　 ly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (2004)

　　 A. To wait　　　　　　　 B. Have waited

　 C. Having waited　　 D. To have waited

　　 [交际速成]

[考点 1]Asking for permission 征求许可

(2004 广东)

　Do you mind if I open the window?

…　　 I feel a bit cold．

　　 A. of course not.

　　 B. I'd rather you didn't.

　　 C. Go ahead.

　　 D. Why not?

[答案与解析]B　 本题考查对征求许可的应答用语。

根据所提供的情景“I feel a bit cold”，说明对方不愿意

把窗户打开，所以B项符合语境。

[归纳]英语中常见表达征求许可的用语有：

① Could We / I...?

② May / Can I...?

③ Shalll / we...?

④ Is it possible...?

⑤ Do / Would you mind...?

⑥ Is it all right if l sit here?

⑦ I wonder if I could smoke here.

应答用语有：

① Yes, please．

② Sure / Certainly．

③ That's all right.

④ Of course, you can / may.

⑤ Please do.

⑥ Go ahead, please.

⑦ I'm sorry, it's not allowed.

⑧ I'm afraid not.

⑨ You'd better not.

[考点2] Giving instructions 发出指令

(2004湖北) ____ follow the instructions given at

the top of the page.

　　 A. You're sure　　 B. Be sure to

　　 C. Sure to　　 D. Sure about

[答案与解析]B　 本题考查表达指令的功能意念。此

句Be sure to do意为“务必做……”，所以B项正确。

[归纳]英语中发出指令时常用祈使句式，例如：

A.

① Build the frame of the kite by making...

② Tie the corners of the handkerehief to the points of

　 the cross...

③ Add a tail to the frame and tie a Iong string to the

　cross...

④ First, fix a sharp piece of metal...Second, fasten a

　 key to the end of the long string...Third, tie a silk

　 ribbon to the string...

⑤ Fly the kite when...

B.

Don't touch anything unless your teacher tells you to.

[考点3]Discussing and evaluating pros and cons 讨论和

评估赞成与反对

-- It's more expensive to live in the city than to live in

　 the country, I think.

-- ____. Living in the city brings people more con-

　 venience, though.

　　 A. You're wrong

　　 B. I'm sorry to hear that

　　 C. I couldn't agree more

　　 D. That's all right

[答案与解析]C　 本题考查讨论和评估赞成与反对的

功能项目。根据所提供的情景“living in the city

brings people more convenience, though.”，时话一方

首先赞成另一方的观点，同时表述了自己的看法。所

以C项符合语境。

[归纳]讨论和评估赞成与反对时，英语中使用下列说

法，例如：

阐述优点 (advantages) 时：

① It's good for the economy.

② It can help many people in the future.

③ It is cleaning and does not pollute the air.

④ It is important for science.

⑤ It brings people more comfort.

指出缺点(disadvantages)时：

① It is too expensive.

② It is dangerous or bad for your health.

③ It is bad for the environment.

④ It is unnecessary.

⑤ Some people wm use it for other things.

[牛刀小试4]

　　　 B. OK !

　　　 C. Is that really necessary?

　　　 D. That's it.

3. ____ of deaths from heart disease will be reduced

　 greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and

　 vegetables.

　　 A. The number　　　　 15. A number

　　 C. A lot of　　　　　　 D. Many

2.　 ____ careful while crossing the street.

　　 A. Your being　　　　　 B. To be

　　 C. Do be　　　　　　　　 D. Being

1. He ____ to the railway station, only to find the

　 train had been away for 5 hours.

　　 A. did go　　　　　　　 B. had gone

　　 C. had to go　　　　　　 D. has gone

4. 祈使句 + and + 陈述句结构

　 在这种句子结构中，祈使句表示条件，陈述句表示结

　 果，它相当于If you..., you will...，另外，祈使句 +

　 or + 陈述句结构表示：If (not)..., you will，有时候，

　 祈使句中的动词可省略。

　 Work harder, and you'll find it not difficult to learn.

　　 再用功一点，你就会发现它不难写。

　　 Hurry up, or you will be late.

　 　快一点，否则你会迟到。

　　 More effort, and you can finish it in time.

再加把劲，你会按时完成它。

[句型归纳]

[考点1]Pierre and I did have a very good time at the

ball. 皮埃尔与我确实在舞会上玩得很开心。

该句中的did为助动词，加强谓语动词have的语气。

在“助动词do / does / did + 动词原形”结构中，助动词

do / does / did意思是“确实，的确，一定”。常常用在

肯定句或祈使句中，起加强语气的作用。有人称和时

态的变化。例如：

Do send me e-mail immediately you arrive at Beijing. 你

一到北京，一定要给我发电子邮件。

He does smoke two packs of cigarettes every day. 他确

实每天抽两包烟。

The company earned much more this month than it did

last month. 公司本月赚的钱要比上个月多得多。

[考例1](NMET 2000) An awful accident____,

however, occur the other day.

　　 A. does　　 B. did

　　 C. was to　　 D. had to

[考查目标] 对句子中谓语的强调。

[答案与解析] B　 助动词do (does用于第三人称) 用于

对现在时态的强调；did用于对过去时态的强调，后面

均接动词原形。

[考点2]In the eighteenth century, Benjamin Franklin

conducted a number of experiments in which he showed

what electricity is. 18世纪。本杰明·富兰克林做了一系

列的试验，以证明电是什么。

注意：该句子中的 a number of 作主语，谓语动词用复数

形式。例如：

A number of children play video games online. 很多的

孩子在网上玩电子游戏。

a number of意思是“许多，数目”，作主语时，谓语动词

用复数形式。the number of意思是“数量”，作主语时，

谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

A number of people prefer to sending e-mail each other

t0 writing letters. 许多人更愿意发电子邮件，而不愿意

写信。

The number of milu deer is increasing year by year. 麋

鹿的数目在逐年增加。

[考例2](NMET 1996) The number of people invited

____ fifty，but a number of them ____ absent

fnr different reasons.

　　 A. were; was　　 B. was; was

　　 C. was; were　　 D. were; were

[考查目标] 主谓一致。

[答案与解析] C　 根据以上的解释，应该选was；were。

[考点3]Having realized that I could use a kite to attract

Iightning, I decided to do an experiment. 意识到可以用

风筝引来闪电之后，我便决定做个实验。

该句中的having realized是v-ing形式的完成式在句中

作状语。

v-ing形式在句中的主要作用是作状语，having done表

示非谓语动词的动作先于渭语动词的动作，而且要注

意非谓语与句子主语之间存在着主动关系时，用hav-

ing done；非谓语与句子主语之间存在着被动关系时，

用having been done；其否定形式是在v-ing前加not。

例如：

Having finished his homework, the boy decided to play

football for a while. 做完了作业．他决定去踢一会儿

球。

Not having cleaned the classroom, they couldn't go

home. 还没有打扫完教室，他们还不能回家。

Having been praised in class, the girl felt very happy.

那个姑娘在班上得到表扬，感到很高兴。

[考例3](2001上海春招) ____ from heart trouble

for years, Professor White has to take some medicine

with him wherever he goes.

　　 A. Suffered　　 B. Suffering

　　 C. Having suffered　　 D. Being suffered

[考查目标]非谓语动词v-ing。

[答案与解析]C　 v-ing形式的逻辑主语是Professor

White，Professor White和suffer之间存在着主动关

系，而且根据，for years，表示 suffer 的动作持续换了

多少年，所以用v-ing完成式表示原因。

[牛刀小试3]

3. be (was / were) to do

　 此结构表示安排、命令、职责、义务、目的、用途、可能

　 性、命中注定等。

　 You are to be baek bv 11 o'clock.

　 你得在11点钟前回来。(命令)

　 I am to inform you that the meeting will be held in

　 Hangzhou.

　 我谨通知你会议在杭州举行。(职责)

　 A knife is to cut with.

　 刀是用来切割的。(用途)

　 They were never to meet again.

　 他们注定以后永远不会见面。(命中注定)

　 If there is to be peace, we must try in every way to

　 prevent war.

　 要和平，就得想一切办法制止战争。(可能性)

2. 助动词 do 强调谓语动词的用法

　 在肯定句中，助动词do可用来强调谓语动词，带有

　 感情色彩，可译成“真的，的确”。

　 You do look nice today.

　 你今天看起来真漂亮。

　 We did need help those days.

　 在那些日子里我们的确需要帮助。

1. 英语句型中的否定前移

　 在英语中，如果主句的动词是think, suppose,

　 expect, believe, imagine 之类的动词，而且主语又是

　 第一人称，宾语从句要表达否定，其否定形式应迁移

　 到主句。但是，如果构成反意疑问句时，要把否定形

　 式再迁移到从句中去，以从句为准。

　 I don't think you're right.

　 我认为你不对。

　 I don't suppose I shall be back until 9 o'clock.

　 我想几点以前我回不来。

　 I don't think your answer is right, is it?

　 我认为你的回答不对，是不是?

5. 病人在医院住了好长一段时间，人们建议他去海边

　 恢复健康。　　 ．

　 After staying in hospital for long, the patient was

　 ____ to go to the seaside to ____ ____　 his health．

☆句型诠释☆

4. 这裤子花了30美元，比预料的要贵得多。

These trousers ____ $30 ____ ____,

which was much more expensive than ____.