2. race-based policies

4.　　　 What can we infer from the passage?

Keys.1.Black people’s reactions after Barack Obama was elected president.

3.　　　 What does “addressing” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean?

1.　　　 What is mainly talking about in the passage?

2　 After Barack Obama’s election, some blacks are worried _________will be dismissed.

4. The main purpose of this passage proves the reasons __________________________________

3. In what circumstances didn’t the “tested” students act to help?

2. What are the two steps before he can help?

1. When the students in the “test” heard the “scream” or “the “cry for help”. The ones who most often acted were those _________________________________________________________.

4.　　　 It can help you reach important goals in life.

Section D

Directions: Read the following passage and complete the sentences or answer the questions according to the information given in the passage you have just read.　

Thirty-two people watched Kitty Brown being killed beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of them helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this inhuman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one’s fellow men?

“ Not so.” Say scientists John Darley and Bibb Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to prove the reasons why people didn’t act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that there is an emergency.

Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall down to the sidewalk. Is he having a heart attack? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk.

Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “Steam pipes”? or is it really smoke from a fire? It’s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.

Second , and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help or the person won’t get the help he needs.

The researchers found a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be “tested”. Some came alone. Some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on the “test”. Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided the “testing room” and the room which she wanted. Soon the students heard the scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help. All of this had been pre-recorded and on a tape-recorder.

Eight of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped.

3.　　　 Because the writer’s parents were immigrants with little money.