1. The writer is trying to ______ in the passage.

　　　 A. introduce the problems of the old age　　　　　　 B. explain the cause of insomnia

　　　 C. give information about insomnia　　　　　　　　　　 D. tell us ways to improve sleep

5. We can infer from the last paragraph that _______.

　 A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilots

　 B) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness

　 C) no airline pilots smoke during flights

　 D) smokers may prove unequal in handling emergency cases

Passage 5

Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient custom which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always evil and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it. Modern skill has changed this. Either man will stop war, or war will stop man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the greatest danger, but bacteriological( 细菌的 ) or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeeded in stopping war, there would be no danger for us. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not by contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in massacre (大屠杀 ),but by arbitration (仲裁)in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.

There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology (意识形态)would prevent war. I believe this to be a complete error. All ideologies are based upon beliefs without proof which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Those people who believe them are willing to go to war in support of them.

The movement of world opinion during the past two years has changed very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a common belief that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course, very difficult problems remain in the international world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that agreements should be reached even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict (冲突) nowadays is not between East and West, but between Man and the H?bomb. 1.From the first paragraph we can know that ____. A. we may face greater threat from weapons　 B. bacteriological or chemical weapons are less dangerous than nuclear weapons C. man’s idea of victory has changed D. dangerous weapons are forbidden in modern society 2. According to the author,______. A. it is impossible to live without war B. the difference between East and West will lead to war C. war must be stopped if man wants to survive D. war will be stopped by modern skill 3.The author believes that the only way to stop war is to____. A. stop nuclear weapons B. settle international issues through agreements C. destroy bacteriological and chemical weapons D. let the stronger side take over the world 4.The last paragraph suggests that______. A. nuclear war will definitely not take place B. real agreements have been now reached C. world opinion is still divided on nuclear war D. man is beginning to realize that nuclear war is his greatest enemy 5. Which of the following words can best describe the author’s feeling in writing this passage? A. Disappointed.B. Doubtful.C. Worried.D. Hopeful.

Passage 6

Age-related changed contribute to(促成)one’s ability to sleep continuously and soundly. With advancing age, some people switch(变换)to shorter nights and some to longer ones. Such a switch may be simply a normal condition of aging；or，it may result from shifts in daily patterns, retirement, or changes in physical or mental health. Common problems are sleeping too little, difficulty falling asleep(taking more than 30-45), awakening frequently during the night, or waking up early and being unable to get back to sleepy.

　　　 Short-term insomnia, lasting up to three weeks, may result from anxiety, nervousness, and physical and mental tension. Typical causes are worries about money, excessive(过度的)cncern about health, boredom, social isolation, or physical confinement.

　　　 Long-term insomnia often stems from such health conditions as heart disease, arthritis, diabetes, asthma, chronic sinusitis, epilepsy, ulcers, and depression. Long-term impaired sleep can also be brought on by excessive use of beverages containing caffeine andimproper use of sleeping pills.

　　　 Insomnia is a complex problem, not given to simple solutions. Please follow the following advice. If you still have difficulty improving sleep, discuss the problem with your physician (doctor).

　　　 Regular exercise tends to benefit sleep. Exercise in the morning has little beneficial effect on sleep. The best time to exercise is in the afternoon.

　　　 Skip the daytime naps tend to trouble normal night time sleep.

　　　 Have a regular bedtime. Go to bed at about the same time every night, but only when you are tired.

　　　 Use sleeping pills only as a temporary solution.

4. Which of the following statements is true?

　 A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.

　 B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.

　 C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.

　 D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.

3. The word“bested”(Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means _______.

　 A) beat 　　　　B) envied 　　　　C) caught up with　　　 　D) made the best of

2. George Spilich's experiment was conducted in such a way as to _______.

　 A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details

　 B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests

　 C) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers

　 D) register the prompt responses of the subjects

1. The purpose of George Spilich's experiments is _______.

　 A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers

　 B) to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity

　 C) to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance

　 D) to find out whether smoking helps people's short-term memory

5. According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become_____.

A) nervous when faced with difficulties 　　B) physically and mentally strained

C) more capable of coping with adversity 　　D) indifferent toward what happens to them

Passage 4

　　 Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and concentrate.” Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests.

　　 In the first test, each subject (试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well.

　　 The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.

　　 In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.

　　 The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.

“As our tests became more complex,” sums up Spilich, “non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins”. He predicts, “smokers might perform adequately at many jobs-until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.”

4. Why is "such simplistic advice"(Line 1, Para.3) impossible to follow?

A) No one can stay on the same job for long. B) No prescription is effective in relieving stress.

C) People have to get married someday. 　　D) You could be missing opportunities as well.　

3. The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows.

A )how much pressure you are under 　　B) how positive events can change you life

C) how stressful a major event can be 　　D )how you can deal with life-changing events

2. The studies on stress in the early 1970's led to ____ .

A) widespread concern over its harmful effects

B) great panic over the mental disorder it could cause

C) an intensive research into stress-related illnesses

D) popular avoidance of stressful jobs