9. replace vt. 替换，代替，取代 相当于词组take the place of。常构成词组replace A with B, 意为用B代替A。

　 Tourism has replaced heavy industry as the city’s main source of income.

　 = Tourism has taken the place of heavy industry as the city’s main source of income.　　 旅游业已经取代重工业成为这座城市的主要收入来源。

　 Today many high schools have __________blackboards________ whiteboards.

　今天许多中学用白色书写板取代了黑板。

8. rule v. 统治

　 rule也可做名词，意为“统治”，常构成词组under one’s rule 或under the rule of sb.意为“在某人的统治之下”

　 Under the queen’s rule/the rule of Elizabeth I, Britain became the number one power of the world. _____________________________________________.

7. take control of 控制，取得对……的控制

　 It's no easy task to take control of a class of young children.

管住一个班的小孩子可不是件容易的事。

[拓展]

　 have/hold control of/over 控制着

　 in control (of) 控制着，出于统治地位

　 lose control of 失去对……的控制

　 out of control 失去控制，无法控制

　 under control (被)控制住

6. contribute to 致使；有助于

The driver’s carelessness contributed to the accident. 司机的疏忽导致了事故的发生。

Exercise contributes to better health. 锻炼能促成更强健的体魄。

[拓展]　 contribute捐助；贡献；投稿等，常和to连用

We ___________________________the poor. 我们捐助了食物和衣物救济贫民。

He has contributed (articles) to the magazine for several years. 他为这家杂志撰稿好几年了。contribution n. 可构成词组make a contribution

They made a great contribution to the development of our society.

他们为我们社会的发展做出了巨大的贡献。

5. pick up 拾起；用车接载(人)；无意地学会(技术、语言、游戏等)；(病后)恢复健康、体力等；(在广播、电视里)收听、收看到；加快速度)

He _____________gradually after a long illness. 他久病后逐渐康复了。

The car ________________speed quickly. 小车很快加速了。

4. create　 vt. 创造,造成 常指利用已有的条件或材料创造出新的事物。

Blue can create a calm feeling. 蓝色能够造成一种冷静的感觉。

[辨析]

　Invent　 vt. 发明 指通过想象、研究或劳动创造出前所未有的东西，尤指科技上的发明创造。

　The Chinese invented the compass. 中国人发明了指南针。

　discover　 vt. 意为(先于他人首次)发现(已经存在的事物)

　Recently they have discovered a comet. 最近他们发现了一颗彗星。

[拓展]：

creation　 n. 创造(不可数)，创作的东西(可数)

creative　 adj. 创作的，创造性的　　　 creative thinking 创造性思维

creativity　 n. 创造力　　　　　 creature　 n. 人，动物

3. be made up of 由……组成，可与consist of 互换

The class is made up of 15 girl students and 20 boy students.

= The class _______________________15 girl students and 20 boy students.

注意两者作定语时的区别

a group made up of five doctors and 10 nurses

= a group consisting of five doctors and 10 nurses

[拓展]:

be made of/be made from/be made out of ____________ be made into________

make up 组成，编制，弥补，化妆，和解

make for 走向……；有助于……　　　　 make out 理解，辨认出

The old building is_____________________. 这幢老房子是由石头建成的。

The wine is_____________________. 葡萄酒是由葡萄酿制而成的。

2. confusing adj. 令人迷惑的，令人不解的

Your explanation is confusing。你的解释令人迷惑。

[拓展]

confuse 　　　　v. 使迷惑，使困惑

We tried to _________________________.我们试图迷惑敌人。

confused　　　 adj. 感到迷惑的，感到不解的

There is a ______________look/expression on his face. 他脸上露出迷惑的表情。

1. throughout　　 prep.遍及；贯穿；在……的各个部分

　The disease spread_____________________________. 这种疾病蔓延全国。

　　　　　　　　　 adv.到处；自始至终

The building is painted green______________. 这栋建筑物彻底漆成绿色。

10. The national flag should be ______________ (升起) every day.