1. have sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”,不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。如:
The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father. 士兵让这男孩背对父亲站着。
Have the driver drive the car here at 4 o’clock. 让司机四点钟把车开过来。
hear, watch, see等接不定式表示全过程或完成,接动词-ing形式表示正在进行。
stop to do sth. 表示停下来去做另一件事;
stop doing sth. 表示停止正在做的事情。
forget / remember to do sth. 表示忘记 (记住)去做某事,事情还没有做;
forget / remember doing sth. 表示忘记(记得)做过某事。
try to do sth. 设法或者努力做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
mean to do sth. 打算、想做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
go on to do sth. 放下手中的事,继续去做别的事
go on doing sth. 继续做原来的事情
一感一助一最好,二听二请二为什么不,三使四看半帮助,无to不定式记心中。
说明:一感:feel(感觉);一助:即助动词do,does,did,will / shall,包括情态动词can,may,must等,但不包括现在完成时中的have / has;一最好:had better;二听: listen to,hear;二请:副词please后, will you please …;二为什么不: why not, why don’t you …;三使: make, let, have;四看: look at, see, watch, notice; 半帮助: help后可加to也可不加to。
注意: 一感、二听、三使、四看在主动语态中省略to,但在被动语态当中to不能省略。
2. 不定式作宾语补足语用于:劝教命请叫 (advise, teach, order, ask, tell)
允许又警告 (allow, permit, warn)
1. 不定式作宾语用于:“要想做,同意办,愿意不愿意,决定尽量做。”
A. 要求、想要、希望 (want, wish, hope, expect, intend, mean)
B. 同意 (agree, promise)
C. 意愿 (care, hate, refuse)
D. 决定,企图 (decide, offer, attempt, try, manage)
否定形式: not+基本形式(短语),如not to watch TV。
当我们需要表明动词不定式中的这个动作是谁发出时,我们可以用带逻辑主语的不定式: for sb. + 基本形式(短语),如for us to finish the work。此外还有一种形式,即带疑问词的动词不定式:疑问词+基本形式(短语),如what to do。
注意: 1. 作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:To learn English well is not easy.
2. 如果主语较长,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语不定式放在谓语之后,常用结构为it is + adj. + (for / of sb. / sth.) + to do sth. 如:It’s important for us to learn English well.
19. because; was listening to 20. If; look it up
17. while; was watching 18. as soon as
Ⅱ. 11. when; was 12. didn’t see; until 13. Since you need
14. so hot that 15. unless it rains 16. If; in
25. He told me the date when he joined the music club.