3. 作定语

关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

2. 作宾语：

She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

　　 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。

1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

　　 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.

Do you know everybody who came to the party?

I still remember the night when I first came to the village?

This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.

3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child.(NMET　 1996)

A. which　　　　 B. where　　　　 C. that　　　　　　 D. when

　　 解析：答案为B。本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语the small town, 且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语，因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导。要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分，然后选择适当的关系词。

2. ___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.(NMET　 2001)

A. It　　　　　　 B. As　　　　　　 C. That　　　　　 D. What

解析：答案为B。本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句。as作“正如……”解时，引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时，常用于下列短语：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。

选择填空

1. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.(NMET　 2001)

A. until　　　　　 B. that　　　　　 C. when　　　　　 D. where

解析：答案为C。本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词the hours和关系词被介词短语to me所分隔。定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours, 并且关系词在从句中用作状语，故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。

12、必须注意的问题

(1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。

(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。

①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。

②强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。

③强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。

It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句)

It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(强调句)

(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。

①定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。

②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。

Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)

We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)

(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。

①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。

②关系词作表语。

(5)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。

(6)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。

(7)几个特殊的定语从句句型：

①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks

in the match.(句中one为先行词)

He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中students为先行词)

②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?

Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?

③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.

④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.

11、关系副词when与where、why、that

when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which

where指地点 = in / at / from / which

why指原因 = for which

当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。(非正式场合)

I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.

当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。

This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.

10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。

(1)先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many(much)中，从句都用as 引导。

Such books as you bought are useful.

The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.

注意：区别①such … that … 引导的结果状语从句。They are such

lovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.

(2)无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。

区别：①意义上：as 含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。

He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.

There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.

As is known, the earth is round, not flat.