3.考查名词转换成形容词

名词转换成形容词有以下几种情况:

(1).名词+y → 形容词 例如:rain→rainy,wind→windy,cloud→cloudy,

sun→sunny,snow→snowy,fog→foggy,mist→misty,health→healthy,luck→lucky,unluck→unlucky,noise→noisy,fun →funny,thirst→thirsty等。

(2).名词+ful→形容词  例如:care→careful, thank→thankful,

help→helpful,use→useful,wonder→wonderful,colour→

colourful,pain→painful,success→successful等。

(3).名词+n→形容词 例如:America→American, Russia→Russian,

India→Indian, Australia→Australian, Canada→Canadian,Italy→Italian等。

(4).名词+ ern→形容词 例如:east→eastern,west→western,

north→northern,south→southern等。

(5).名词 +ous→形容词 例如:danger→dangerous,fame→famous等。

注意:friend→friendly,wool→woolen,difference→different,

difficulty→difficult,importance→important,pride→proud,

person→personal,safety→safe,confidence→confident等。

考例1:[2005年镇江市] What a ____ (rain) day! We have to stay at home.

分析:所给的词rain在此处应理解为名词,根据句意可知,所填的词在句中作定语,修饰day,应用形容词,rain的形容词为rainy,因此应填rainy。

考例2:[2005年徐州市] Too much homework is really ____ (pain) to students.

分析:所给的词pain为名词,根据句意可知,所填的词在句中作表语,应用形容词,pain的形容词为 painful,即应填painful。

1.考查名词的单数形式转换成复数形式

(1).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(规则变化)

①一般情况下直接在单数名词之后加-s变为复数名词。例如:desk→desks, key→keys, monkey→monkeys, boy→boys等

②以-x,-s,-ch,-sh,结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时,在单数名词之后加-es。例如:fox→foxes, boss→bosses, bus→buses, class→classes, dress→dresses, witness→witnesses, address→addresses, beach→beaches, coach→coaches, couch→couches,inch→inches,sandwich→sanwiches, church→churches,watch→watches,match→matches,speech→speeches,

witch→witches,dish→dishes,brush→brushes,goldfish→goldfish, fish→fishes, toothbrush→toothbrushes等。

③以o结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时,在单数名词之后加-s的有:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,photo→photos,piano→pianos,kilo→kilos, mango→mangos,bamboo→bamboos,kangaroo→kangaroos。

加-es有:tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes, dodo→dodoes/s,

hero→heroes。

④以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时,先变y为i,再加-es。例如:family→families,lady→ladies,baby→bibies,copy→copies,

body→bodies,century→centuries,diary→diaries,dictionary→dictionaries,factory→factories,library→libaries,battery→batteries, documentry→documentries,buddy→buddies,ability→abilities,country→countries,butterfly→butterflies,enemy→enemies,memory→memories, balcony→balconies,laboratory→laboratrories,beauty→beauties, charity→charities,comedy→comedies,industry→industries, quallity→quallities,reply→replies,difficulty→difficulties, theropy→theropies, mystery→mysteries, hobby→hobbies,

story→stories,city→cities,laundry→laundries,activity→activities等。

⑤以f或 fe结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时,先变f或 fe为v,再加-es。例如:half→halves, knife→knives,wife→wives,leaf→leaves, shelf→shelves,herself→themseves,scalf→scalfs/scalves,wolf→wolves等。

考例1:[2005年镇江市] Look! There are some ___ (bird) flying in the sky.

分析:所给的词bird是可数名词的单数形式,根据主谓一致可知,应填名词的复数形式,bird的复数形式是birds,因此应填birds.

考例2:[2005年泰州市] Your present is in one of the ____. Can you guess? (box)

分析:所给的词box是可数名词的单数形式,根据习惯表达 “one of the +可数名词复数”可知,应填名词的复数形式,box的复数形式是boxes,因此应填boxes。

考例3:[2004年淮安市] Newspaper reports say that some more ___ (country) have become E.U.(欧盟)members this year.

分析:所给的词country是可数名词的单数形式,根据主谓一致可知,应用可数名词的复数形式,因此应填countries。

考例4:[2003年济南市] The earthquake rocked the cities in the north of Algeria. Many people lost their ____. (life)

分析:所给的词life是可数名词的单数形式,根据句意可知,应用名词的复数形式,life的复数形式为lives,因此应填lives。

(2).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(不规则变化)

foot→feet,tooth→teeth,child→children,man→men,woman→women, policeman→policemen,policewoman→policewomen, Frenchman→Frenchmen,snowman→snowmen,businessman →businessmen,Englishman→Englishmen,gentleman→gentlemen, salesman→salesmen, mouse→mice/mouses(鼠标),

sheep→sheep, Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese, fish→fish等。

考例1:[2004年无锡市] It’s good for us to brush our ____ (tooth) after meals.

分析:所给的词tooth是可数名词的单数形式,根据句意可知,应用名词的复数形式,而tooth的复数形式是不规则的,为teeth,因此应填teeth。

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