Jeans are very popular especially with teenagers. It’s said that the material came originally from Nimes, a city in France. These jeans were particularly created for the sailors, who loved wearing jeans very much. These jeans could be worn when wet and it could even be rolled over with ease. This was particularly useful when the sailors were busy with their everyday work.

     Our favorite pair of blue, jeans was originally worn by workers particularly during World War II. Perhaps the strong and durable(耐用的) look made these blue jeans popular among all the factory workers. A strange thing that can be noticed happened in the early period of the 1950s when blue jeans worn by teens were considered to be a form of being against others. Besides, adults who wore blue jeans were not allowed to enter a movie theatre. It was only during the 1960s that blue jeans were accepted as a fashion trend in the United States of America. Movie stars wore them in films and in public. Many young people follow them.

The different looks of the regular blue jeans which are enjoyed by people were introduced by the mid 1950s. It was Donald Freeland who gave jeans a whole new look and brought it to the front. Originally, jeans were always worn loose. At first, jeans worn by men had the zipper(拉链)on the front. However, for women, it was on the side. By the late 1960's , the zipper finally was on the front side for women as well.

Today, there are many new designs that are being created by fashion designers to meet the increasing demands from jean lovers! A pair of basic blue jeans, however, is one such piece of clothing that will never go out of fashion! When you open one's cupboard, there is always one pair of jeans one likes best.

1.The sailors originally were interested in wearing jeans because jeans     .

       A．could give them a pleasant look            B．were convenient and easy to use

       C．were cheaper than other trousers           D．could be washed and made easily

2.According to the passage, blue jeans          .

       A．were once a sign of being against their parents

       B．were popular with people of different ages in the 1950s

       C．began to be poplar with American people in the 1960s

       D．have been worn by the factory workers after World War II

3.The following all lead to the popularity of jeans EXCEPT        .

A．American culture                                 B．various designs

C．movie stars' influence                             D．its cloth quality

4.It is known from the passage that       .

    A．Donald Freeland gave jeans a whole new design

    B．the zipper was always on the front side of all jeans

    C．The jeans were introduced into America in the 1950s

    D．Donald Freeland was the first to make jeans popular in the world

5.In the last paragraph, the writer is trying to          .

       A．show his interest in blue jeans

       B．tell us the popularity of jeans

       C．praise the benefits of blue jeans

       D．discuss the development of jeans

Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable (可生物降解的) material inspired by insects' hard outer shells. The material's inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic. The material, made from shrimp ('虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called "shrilk." It is thin, clear, flexible and strong.
A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability. Plastic's toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and '60s. Decades later, however, plastic's very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags, or short-lived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries. What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years?
Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer(肥料), and so will enrich the soil.
Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.
Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so they're exploring ways to use it in wet environments. They're also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for non-medical products, like for computer cases and other products inside the home. They're even exploring combining it with other materials, like carbon fibers, to give it new properties.
【小题1】Paragraph I of the passage is mainly about shritk's_____.

Australia is famous for its beautiful beaches. And Australian people love swimming and going to the beach. But it wasn’t always that way.

       Different Climate, Different Habits

       When Europeans first invaded Australia, the only people here who were good at swimming were the Aboriginal people. The Europeans came from climates where it was too cold to swim. However the warm climate of Australia soon changed their attitude to swimming. At first, only men swam. They swam without any clothes on—there were no women to see them.

       Cover up!

       By the 1880 and 1890s visiting the beach was very fashionable. People wore everyday street clothes—much more than people wear at the beach today.

       In those days people believed they should cover their most body so it would not be seen by the opposite sex. Special bathing costumes were designed for women. This costumes used a lot of cloth and were very heavy when wet, making it difficult to swim.

       Laws Made and Laws Changed

       The government decided to stop men swimming naked. It passed a law which forbade bathing between 6 am and 7 am. But in 1903, the laws changed; people could swim in the daytime, but they had to wear neck-to-knee costumes.

       The Shrinking Costume

       As time passed, swimming costumes became smaller and more convenient.

       At first men and women were covered from neck to knee. Then arms became bare. Then more of the legs were uncovered. Each new change was regarded by many as shocking and rude and people wrote letters to the newspapers complaining about the new costume. Nowadays some people go to special “nude beaches” to swim naked.

       However, most people cover their bodies more than they did ten years ago—not because they think bare skin is shocking—but to protect their skin from the harmful rays of the sun.

Which of the following statements about the climate of Australia is TRUE?

       A. It made European settlers think differently about swimming.

       B. It changed European settlers’ swimming costume.

       C. It made European settlers feel much hotter.

       D. It made European settlers have to swim naked.

What should swimmers do during the late 19^th century?

       A. They should hide when they meet a person of the opposite sex.

       B. They should cover their body to avoid being seen by the opposite sex.

       C. They should wear many heavy clothes on beaches.

       D. They should wear special wet costumes designed for them.

What does the underlined sentence mean?

       A. People were surprised by each new change and criticized it.

       B. People were amazed by each new change and praise it.

       C. Only newspapers were in favor of each new change.

       D. Only newspapers thought poorly of each new change.

What can we conclude from the last paragraph?

       A. People worry about getting skin cancer from too much sun.

       B. People protected their swimming costumes from too much sun.

       C. People are greatly shocked by the nude beaches.

       D. People think it rude to swim with the smaller costumes.

Australia is famous for its beautiful beaches. And Australian people love swimming and going to the beach. But it wasn't always that way.

Different Climate, Different habits

When Europeans first invaded Australia, the only people here who were good at swimming were the Aboriginal people. The Europeans came from climates where it was too cold to swim. Also some people worried that they would get sick if they wet their whole body.

However the warm climate of Australia soon changed their attitude to swimming. At first, only men swam. They swam naked - there were no women to see them.

Cover up!

By the 1880’s and 90’s visiting the beach was very fashionable and a lot of people went there, especially in warm weather. They wore everyday street clothes - much more than people wear at the beach today.

In those days, people believed they should cover most of their body so it would not be seen by the opposite sex. Special bathing costumes were designed for women. These costumes used a lot of cloth and were very heavy when wet, making it difficult to swim.

Laws Made and Laws Changed

The government decided to stop men swimming naked．It passed a law which forbade bathing between 6am and 7pm. Many people objected to this law and wrote letters to the government asking it to change the laws. In 1903, the laws changed; people could swim in the daytime, but they had to wear neck-to-knee costumes.

The Shrinking Costume

As time passed, swimming costumes became smaller and more convenient.

At first men and women were covered from neck to knee. Then the arms became bare. Then more of the legs were uncovered．Each new change was regarded by many as shocking and rude and people wrote letters to the newspapers complaining about the new costumes. Nowadays some people go to special "nude (裸体) beaches" to swim naked．

However, most people cover their bodies more than they did ten years ago -- not because they think bare skin is shocking -- but to protect their skin from the harmful rays of the sun.

The climate of Australia _____.

       A．made European setters think differently about swimming

       B．change European setters’ swimming costume

       C．made European setters hotter

       D．made European setters swim naked

During the late 19th century, swimmers should _____.

       A．hide when they see a person of the opposite sex

       B．cover their bodies

       C．wear many heavy clothes

       D．take no notice of their clothes

According to the law just before1903, people must _____.

       A．not swim in the main daylight hours

       B．only swim between 6am and 7pm

       C．have a bath at 6am and 7pm

       D．swim with neck-to-knee costumes between 6am and 7pm

The last paragraph of the passage states that _____.

       A．people worry about getting skin cancer from too much sun

       B．people protect their ten-year-old sons from bare skin

       C．people are shocked by the sun

       D．people think it rude to swim with the smaller costumes

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

If you like exploring the wilderness, you should read the following suggestions from search-and-rescue rangers(搜救队) in the national parks.    1   

Before you head out on a hike, check the weather, take plenty of water, and make sure someone knows where you’ll be and when you’ll be back. Bring clothes to keep you warm when wet, like a waterproof jacket. Avoid cotton, which traps damp.    2    Take basic precaution, such as waterproof matches, a folding saw, a good knife, a first-aid kit, a flash light, and batteries.

The minute you think you might get lost, stop.    3   And you should stay calm and think rationally(理性地). If you are not alone, focusing on the needs of others can help hold your own fears at bay. Keeping a sense of humor helps too.—it reduces stress and promotes creative thinking.

In general, people who try to find their own way out are far worse than those who stay put（呆在原处).    4    In a wide-open area, make a signal with colorful gear, make a big X out of rock, or dig a shallow trench, which are easy to spot from above.

You can go several days without eating, so in most cases, you’d better not search for food, since there are lots of poisonous plants in the wild. But you need to stay hydrated(含水的).    5   If you are lost in your car, stay there: You are more visible to rescuers. And the car provides shelter.

A．Stay visible so anyone searching can see you.

B．First, you’ve got to acknowledge you’re in trouble.

C．And you have no idea where to go.

D．The search-and-rescue people call it death clothes.

E. First of all find a shelter and stay in it in order to keep dry.

F. These suggestions may keep you alive in emergencies.

G. If you run out of water, It’s usually better to drink from a stream with suspect water than to go without.