In 1780 James Watt produced art efficient steam engine which powered 40 machines in a Glasgow factory． That date is normally taken as the beginning of the Industrial Age． Since then, industrial development has changed our way of life more and more． The revolution in communications, for example, has made the world seem much smaller． The invention of the telephones in 1876 by another Scotsman, Bell, and Marconi's first radio broadcast 19 years later were both important developments． But the Italian inventor’s early radios seem very primitive compared with modern portable radios． These were made possible by the invention of the transistor by W． B． Shockley in the USA in 1948． This device replaced the valve in radios．

　　There have been many changes in transport, too, since the development of the wheel, 6, 000 years ago． Daimler and Benz, both Germans, built one of the first practical petrol-driven motor cars in 1885． Only 18 years later, the Wright brothers, from America, flew their first plane．

　　Now, we have jets and, since the work of Christopher Cockerell in Britain in the 1950's, the hovercraft．

　　In medicine, the most significant advance came in 1928, when Sir Alexander Fleming, also an Englishman, discovered penicillin, which has saved countless lives since．

1．Which of these was invented or discovered first? Put them in order．

A．the telephone B． penicillin　　 C． the transistor D． the steam engine

E． radio　　　　F． the plane　　 G． the motor car H． the wheel

1_____ 2 ______ 3 ______ 4 _______ 5 _______ 6 _______ 7 _______ 8 _______

2．James Watt was _______

A．a Scottish engineer．　　 B． an English engineers

C．an Italian engineer．　　 D． a German engineer．

3．Our way of life has changed greatly ever since　　

A．James Watt produced an efficient steam engine．

B．the revolution in communications．

C．the discovery of penicillin．

D．we have jets．

4．Choose the right words to complete the sentences．

A．Bell 　　 the telephone in 1876．

B．Penicillin _____ _____ by Fleming in 1928．

C．Valves in radios have now been _____ by transistors．

D．One of the first practical petrol-driven motor cars _____ ______ by two German engineers．

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In a remote period of Greek history, probably around 1200 BC, a war was fought between Greece and Troy. __71__ The war ended in the destruction of Troy. Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century BC. This was marked by the establishment of democracy and the boom of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens. The century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.

　 In the second half of the 4th century BC, all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, King of Macedon. __72__ At the same time, Greek culture was spread wherever they found themselves. In 146 BC the Romans conquered Greece. By that time Greek culture had firmly established itself in much of eastern and western Europe and northern Africa. There were more centers of Greek learning.

Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”. But by “the whole people” the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited (继承) from his father. __73__

The economy of Athens rested on a huge amount of slave labour. __74__ There was harsh exploration in Greek society.

__75__ Once every four years, they had a big festival on Olympus Mount which included contests of sports. Thus began the Olympic Games. Revived in 1896, the Games have become the world's foremost amateur sports competition.

A．The Greeks loved sports.

B．The people of Troy were very brave.

C．His armies went out to conquer large areas of Europe, Asia and Africa.

D．Women, children, foreigners and slaves were not given the same rights.

E．Troy is a city on the Asiatic side of the Aegean.

F．Slaves worked on farms and in workshops and mines owned by their masters.

G．He built many wonderful palaces in his kingdom.

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Question: Before graduation, I decided to be a useful man for our country. However, when I applied for some positions, I was turned down. Only then did I realize it was not easy to achieve my dream.     1     Now I even don’t have the courage to try a new position. How can I find the power to continue my dream?
Answer: I can understand the situation you are in. You feel your life lacks the power that you want and the motivation that you need.      2     
By training your thoughts to concentrate on the bright side of things, you are more likely to have the incentive (动机) to work towards on your goals.      3     
Your life can be improved, and your happiness enriched when you choose to change your views. Don’t leave your future to chance, or wait for things to get better mysteriously alone.     4     Begin to build your confidence, and work through problems rather than avoid them. Remember that power is not just about control over situations, but the ability to deal with whatever comes your way.
Always believe that good things are possible, and remember that mistakes can be lessons that lead to discoveries. Take your fear and transform it into trust.     5     Turn your “worry hours” into “productive hours”. You will see beautiful things happen when you allow yourself to experience the joys of life.