A camp built by students and volunteers spreads over Southern Methodist University（SMU）. The affordable  21  are designed to be used by the poor as well as survivors of war and natural disasters.

“By the time 2020, there’s going to be about 1.7 billion people living in slums（贫民窟） so we would like to  22  change,” says Stephanie Hunt, co-founder of the Hunt Institute for Engineering and Humanities at SMU. The institute, which  23  build the village on SMU’s campus, was established to solve problem of the poor in the United States and around the world through engineering, and the free  24 .

The goal is not just to  25  lives, but to change the victims’ lives. The Institute hopes some entrepreneurs（企业家） might program and  26  some money with these ideas. One of the structures in the SMU village was built with bricks made  27  from recycled plastic bags.

They’re  28  together with heavy wires. Harvey Lacey, father of two college-aged sons, including one here at SUM, heard about this project and  29  his invention. It’s a heavy-duty, hand-crank compactor（手动压缩机）that anybody can use to form the big bricks he calls Ubuntu Blox.

“The advantages are that these  30  weigh less than two pounds. They’re very, very  31  These things can go for many generations of housing, ”says Lacey, who is  32  the design. Anybody can follow his online plans to  33  the compactor that turns plastic bags into bricks.

On this warm day, it’s  34  inside the Ubuntu Blox hut, thanks  35  to the thick plastic insulation（绝缘）. Kenyan  36  Ronald Omyonga, visiting the global village before returning to his native Africa, says his country is full of these recyclable bags. With Lacey’s design, he says that litter could be transformed into  37  housing. He dreams of other  38  too.

“Look at the Harvey Lacey hut, as a means of creating  39  ,”says Omyonga.“Leaning the environment, and turning  40  into something that can form houses, not just for the poor.”

1.                A．shelters        B．clubs           C．parties   D．rooms

2.                A．affect          B．adapt          C．effect    D．adopt

3.                A．discovered      B．helped         C．studied   D．explored

4.                A．entry          B．competition     C．trade D．market

5.                A．save           B．survive         C．defend   D．cure

6.                A．share          B．donate         C．earn D．cost

7.                A．briefly         B．relevantly       C．mostly    D．efficiently

8.                A．held           B．stressed        C．knocked  D．packed

9.                A．delivered       B．contributed      C．devoted  D．sacrificed

10.               A．piles           B．masses         C．loaves D．blocks

11.               A．fragile         B．thick           C．hard  D．bitter

12.               A．giving out       B．giving off       C．giving up  D．giving away

13.               A．build          B．invent          C．improve   D．possess

14.               A．hot            B．cold           C．wet  D．cool

15.               A．nearly         B．exactly         C．partly D．fairly

16.               A．doctor         B．athlete         C．photographer   D．architect

17.               A．safe           B．dangerous      C．beautiful  D．large

18.               A．advantages      B．chances        C．benefits   D．profits

19.               A．things          B．jobs           C．wonders   D．conditions

20.               A．waste          B．resources       C．ideas D．technology

A camp built by students and volunteers spreads over Southern Methodist University（SMU）. The affordable  21  are designed to be used by the poor as well as survivors of war and natural disasters.
“By the time 2020, there’s going to be about 1.7 billion people living in slums（贫民窟） so we would like to  22  change,” says Stephanie Hunt, co-founder of the Hunt Institute for Engineering and Humanities at SMU. The institute, which  23  build the village on SMU’s campus, was established to solve problem of the poor in the United States and around the world through engineering, and the free  24 .
The goal is not just to  25  lives, but to change the victims’ lives. The Institute hopes some entrepreneurs（企业家） might program and  26  some money with these ideas. One of the structures in the SMU village was built with bricks made  27  from recycled plastic bags.
They’re  28  together with heavy wires. Harvey Lacey, father of two college-aged sons, including one here at SUM, heard about this project and  29  his invention. It’s a heavy-duty, hand-crank compactor（手动压缩机）that anybody can use to form the big bricks he calls Ubuntu Blox.
“The advantages are that these  30  weigh less than two pounds. They’re very, very  31  These things can go for many generations of housing, ”says Lacey, who is  32  the design. Anybody can follow his online plans to  33  the compactor that turns plastic bags into bricks.
On this warm day, it’s  34  inside the Ubuntu Blox hut, thanks  35  to the thick plastic insulation（绝缘）. Kenyan  36  Ronald Omyonga, visiting the global village before returning to his native Africa, says his country is full of these recyclable bags. With Lacey’s design, he says that litter could be transformed into  37  housing. He dreams of other  38  too.
“Look at the Harvey Lacey hut, as a means of creating  39  ,”says Omyonga.“Leaning the environment, and turning  40  into something that can form houses, not just for the poor.”

There are many older people in the world and there will be many more. A little-known fact is that over 60 percent of the older people live in developing countries. According to the World Health Organization, by 2020 there will be 1 billion, with over 700 million living in developing countries.

　It is a surprising fact that the population ageing is particularly rapid in developing countries. For example, it took France 115 years for the rate of older people to double from 7 percent to 14 percent. It is estimated to take China a mere 27 years to achieve this same increase.

　What are the implications of these increased numbers of older folk? One of the biggest worries for governments is that the longer people live, the more likelihood there is for diseases and for disability. Attention is being paid to the need to keep people as healthy as possible, including during old age, to lessen the financial burden on the state.

　Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations to understand and value the older people in their society. In some African countries, certainly in Asia, older people are respected and regarded as the ones with special knowledge. Yet traditions are fading away daily, which does not make sure the continued high regard of older people. As society changes, attitudes will change.

　Much needs to be done to get rid of age discrimination in employment. Life-long learning programs need to be provided to enable older people to be active members in a country's development.

　Social security policies need to be established to provide adequate income protection for older people. Both public and private schemes are vital in order to build a suitable safety net.

1.The rate of older people________.

2.According  to passage, which of the following are governments most worried about

3. It is stated directly in the passage that older people should ________.

4.Which of the following measure is NOT mentioned to solve the population ageing problem?

5.The author concludes in the last paragraph that ________.

There are many older people in the world and there will be many more. A little-known fact is that over 60 percent of the older people live in developing countries. According to the World Health Organization, by 2020 there will be 1 billion, with over 700 million living in developing countries.
　It is a surprising fact that the population aging is particularly rapid in developing countries. For example, it took France 115 years for the rate of older people to double from 7 percent to 14 percent. It is estimated to take China a mere 27 years to achieve this same increase.
　What are the implications of these increased numbers of older folk? One of the biggest worries for governments is that the longer people live, the more likelihood there is for diseases and for disability. Attention is being paid to the need to keep people as healthy as possible, including during old age, to lessen the financial burden on the state.
　Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations to understand and value the older people in their society. In some African countries, certainly in Asia, older people are respected and regarded as the ones with special knowledge. Yet traditions are fading away daily, which does not make sure the continued high regard of older people. As society changes, attitudes will change.
　Much needs to be done to get rid of age discrimination in employment. Life-long learning programs need to be provided to enable older people to be active members in a country’s development.
　Social security policies need to be established to provide adequate income protection for older people. Both public and private schemes are vital in order to build a suitable safety net.
【小题1】The rate of older people________.
A. is bigger in developed countries than in developing countries
B. B. is one-seventh of the population in developing countries
C. C. will increase much faster in China than in France
D. D. will be sixty percent in developing countries by 2020
2.According to passage, which of the following are governments most worried 
About______.
A. The diseases and disability of older people. 
B. The longer life and good health of people. 
C. The loss of taxes on older people. 
D. The increasing respect for older people.
【小题2】 It is stated directly in the passage that older people should ________.

We can begin our discussion of “population as a global issue” with what most person mean when they discuss “ the population problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute. It was quite right to employ a similar matter that linked demographic(人口统计学）growth to “ a long, thin power fuse that burns steadily from time to time until it finally reaches the limit, and explodes”.

To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history. We find that population have been really stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, where infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birth rates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.

This pattern is important to know. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high rate of death.

Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8000B.C. till approximately 1650 A.D. And a period of rapid growth since 1650. In the first period of some 9,600 years, the population increased form some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2020 there will be 8 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world’s population each year. At present, this number is added very six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.

1.According to the passage, “population as a global issue” ____.

A. is quite unlike the population problem and thus doesn’t need our concern

B. focuses on tracking down the reason of rapid population growth

C. deals with the same problem aroused by the population problem

D. will manage the population growth problem from global perspectives

2.It can be inferred from the example of a power fuse that _____.

A. too much population will one day lead to the doom of human beings

B. the trend of population growth will keep unsteady until the destruction of Earth

C. demographic growth will follow a certain pattern of ups and downs

D. it is likely in the near future that population will reduce gradually

3.What leads to a stable growth of population for most of human history?

A. Species competition??? B. Low fertility???? C. Tribal fights? D. High rate of death

4.The reason for a rapid growth of population lies in the fact that ______.

A. people are permitted to have more children???

B. people can live better than before

C. newborn babies die less than before??????????

D. we have found the secret of longevity

5.How many people are born every six hours at present, according to the author?

A. Eighty million.?? B. Eight thousand?

C. Fifty thousand?? D. Five million